Abstract
Crop rotations involving corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are well‐known production systems across the Midwestern United States, but the addition of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) in the rotation has received less attention. Additionally, the interactive effect of crop rotation with nitrogen (N) fertilizer and foliar fungicide application on yields for these three crops is not yet well understood. Data were collected in Wisconsin from a long‐term crop rotation experiment during 2013 to 2015 to measure corn (grain and silage), soybean, and wheat yield response to crop rotation frequency (seven rotations involving corn, soybean, and wheat), six levels of N, and foliar fungicide use. During the 3 yr of the experiment, minimal interactive effects were detected, which suggested that the examined management decisions can remain separate for growers in Wisconsin. Yearly crop rotation of corn and soybean increased corn grain yields in 2014 by 15 to 18% and soybean yields by 24 to 31% in 2015 compared with continuous cropping. No other crop rotation effect was observed. Fungicide use at the V5 growth stage for corn, at R3 for soybean, and at GS9 for wheat, increased wheat (7.4–16.8%) and soybean yield (3.6–5.4%) but not corn grain or silage yields. Nitrogen application was more beneficial for corn compared with wheat and soybean. The effect of N on soybean was similar across all rotations, and grain yields increased when N rate was higher than 100 kg ha −1 . The data suggest that N rate recommendations should be based on crop needs, regardless the rotation system.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Management-factor interaction effects on yields were minimal.
- Taxon
- Corn, Soybean, and Wheat
Glycine max
Triticum aestivum
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Outcome
- interactive effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimal interactive effects were detected”
t0“Corn, Soybean, and Wheat Yield Response”
Claim · model-written summary
Yearly corn soybean rotation raised 2014 corn grain yield 15 to 18% versus continuous cropping.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Yearly crop rotation of corn and soybeane0
- Outcome
- corn grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15 to 18%e0
- Comparator
- continuous croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yearly crop rotation of corn and soybean increased corn grain yields in 2014 by 15 to 18% and soybean yields by 24 to 31% in 2015 compared with continuous cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Yearly corn soybean rotation raised 2015 soybean yield 24 to 31% versus continuous cropping.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Yearly crop rotation of corn and soybeane0
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24 to 31%e0
- Comparator
- continuous croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yearly crop rotation of corn and soybean increased corn grain yields in 2014 by 15 to 18% and soybean yields by 24 to 31% in 2015 compared with continuous cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
No other crop rotation yield effect was observed.
- Taxon
- Corn, Soybean, and WheatGlycine maxTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- crop rotation effecte0
- Direction
- No othere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No other crop rotation effect was observed”
t0“Corn, Soybean, and Wheat Yield Response”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fungicide raised wheat yield 7.4–16.8%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- GS9e0
- Treatment
- Fungicide usee0
- Outcome
- wheate0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.4–16.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide use at the V5 growth stage for corn, at R3 for soybean, and at GS9 for wheat, increased wheat (7.4–16.8%) and soybean yield (3.6–5.4%) but not corn grain or silage yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fungicide raised soybean yield 3.6–5.4%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- R3e0
- Treatment
- Fungicide usee0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.6–5.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide use at the V5 growth stage for corn, at R3 for soybean, and at GS9 for wheat, increased wheat (7.4–16.8%) and soybean yield (3.6–5.4%) but not corn grain or silage yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fungicide did not increase corn grain or silage yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- V5e0
- Treatment
- Fungicide usee0
- Outcome
- corn grain or silage yieldse0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide use at the V5 growth stage for corn, at R3 for soybean, and at GS9 for wheat, increased wheat (7.4–16.8%) and soybean yield (3.6–5.4%) but not corn grain or silage yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application benefited corn more than wheat and soybean.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- more beneficiale0
- Direction
- more beneficiale0
- Comparator
- wheat and soybeane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen application was more beneficial for corn compared with wheat and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean grain yields increased above 100 kg ha −1 nitrogen.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- N rate was higher than 100 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yields increased when N rate was higher than 100 kg ha −1”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend crop-specific nitrogen rates irrespective of rotation.
- Taxon
- Corn, Soybean, and WheatGlycine maxTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- N rate recommendations should be based on crop needs, regardless the rotation systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N rate recommendations should be based on crop needs, regardless the rotation system”
t0“Corn, Soybean, and Wheat Yield Response”
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See all 322 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.