Abstract
Abstract Corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.], the backbone of Midwestern crop production, respond to rotation, but how growing conditions affect this is not well documented. Our objectives were to determine the effect of various corn and soybean cropping patterns on yields and to evaluate environmental effects on the rotation effect. The study began in 1981 at Lamberton, MN, on a Webster clay loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Endoaquoll), in 1982 at Waseca, MN, on a Nicollet clay loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapludoll), and in 1983 at Arlington, WI, on a Plano silt loam (fine‐silty, mixed, mesic Typic Argiudoll). Cropping sequences were (i) continuous monoculture of each crop; (ii) annual rotation of the two crops; and (iii) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 yr of each crop following 5 yr of the other crop. Results are based on 11 yr of data at Lamberton, 8 yr (soybean) or 9 yr (corn) at Waseca, and 9 yr at Arlington. Corn rotated annually with soybean yielded 13% more, and 1st‐yr corn following multiple years of soybean yielded 15% more than continuous corn. Soybean annually rotated with corn yielded 10% more, and 1st‐yr soybean following multiple years of corn yielded 18% more than continuous soybean. The crops differed in response to increasing years of consecutive planting: 2nd‐yr to 5th‐yr corn yields were no different from continuous corn yields; 2nd‐yr soybean yielded 8% more than continuous soybean, 3rd‐yr soybean yielded 3% more, and 4th‐ and 5th‐yr soybean yielded the same as continuous soybean. Relative increase in yields of both crops in annual rotation compared with monoculture was approximately twofold greater in low‐yielding than in high‐yielding environments. In low‐yielding environments, the yield advantage of an annual rotation of corn and soybean compared with monoculture was frequently greater than 25%. The commonly practiced annual rotation of corn and soybean maximized corn yields, but not soybean yields, relative to the other sequences studied.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Annually rotated corn yielded 13% more than continuous corn.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- rotated annually with soybeane0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 13%e0
- Comparator
- continuous corne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn rotated annually with soybean yielded 13% more, and 1st‐yr corn following multiple years of soybean yielded 15% more than continuous corn”
Claim · model-written summary
First-year corn following multiple soybean years yielded 15% more than continuous corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- following multiple years of soybeane0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 15%e0
- Comparator
- continuous corne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1st‐yr corn following multiple years of soybean yielded 15% more than continuous corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Annually rotated soybean yielded 10% more than continuous soybean.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- annually rotated with corne0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Comparator
- continuous soybeane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean annually rotated with corn yielded 10% more, and 1st‐yr soybean following multiple years of corn yielded 18% more than continuous soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
First-year soybean following multiple corn years yielded 18% more than continuous soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- following multiple years of corne0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 18%e0
- Comparator
- continuous soybeane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1st‐yr soybean following multiple years of corn yielded 18% more than continuous soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Second- through fifth-year corn yields did not differ from continuous corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 2nd‐yr to 5th‐yre0
- Outcome
- corn yieldse0
- Direction
- no differente0
- Comparator
- continuous corne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2nd‐yr to 5th‐yr corn yields were no different from continuous corn yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Second-year soybean yielded 8% more than continuous soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 2nd‐yre0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 8%e0
- Comparator
- continuous soybeane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2nd‐yr soybean yielded 8% more than continuous soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Third-year soybean yielded 3% more than continuous soybean.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3rd‐yr soybean yielded 3% more”
Claim · model-written summary
Fourth- and fifth-year soybean yielded the same as continuous soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 4th‐ and 5th‐yre0
- Outcome
- yieldede0
- Direction
- the samee0
- Comparator
- continuous soybeane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“4th‐ and 5th‐yr soybean yielded the same as continuous soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The annual-rotation yield increase for both crops was approximately twice as large in low-yielding environments.
Verbatim
e0“Relative increase in yields of both crops in annual rotation compared with monoculture was approximately twofold greater in low‐yielding than in high‐yielding environments”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual rotation often yielded more than 25% over monoculture in low-yielding environments.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeanGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- annual rotatione0
- Outcome
- yield advantagee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Comparator
- monoculturee0
- Setting
- low‐yielding environmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In low‐yielding environments, the yield advantage of an annual rotation of corn and soybean compared with monoculture was frequently greater than 25%”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual rotation maximized corn yields among studied sequences.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- annual rotatione0
- Outcome
- corn yieldse0
- Direction
- maximizede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“annual rotation of corn and soybean maximized corn yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual rotation did not maximize soybean yields among studied sequences.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not soybean yields, relative to the other sequences studied”
e1“annual rotation of corn and soybean maximized corn yields, but not soybean yields, relative to the other sequences studied”
The same questions in other papers
Zea mays subsp. mays · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
47 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
66 papers more in this group
See all 70 papers →Glycine max · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
154 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
176 papers more in this group
See all 180 papers →rotation · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
106 papers in the same direction as this paper · 30 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
140 papers more in this group
See all 144 papers →rotation · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
253 papers in the same direction as this paper · 52 in the opposite direction · 16 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
318 papers more in this group
See all 322 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.