Abstract
Rice yields can only be achieved by selecting a high-quality population. Nitrogen rates and transplanting density play a significant role in determining population quality and yield. Field experiments were conducted in Heshan District, Hunan Province, China, to explore suitable nitrogen rates and appropriate transplanting densities for rice production in 2021 and 2022. In this study, three levels of nitrogen, e.g., N1, N2, and N3 (0, 150, and 210) kg ha−1, and three transplanting densities, e.g., B1, B2, and B3 (1, 2, and 3) seedlings per hill were used to study their individual or combined effects on rice (Taiyou 390) population quality, yield, and yield components, nitrogen-related enzyme activities, and nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency. The results showed that N2B3 had the highest yield, with an average yield of 9.30 t ha−1 in two years, which was 3.7~49.6% higher than other treatments. This increase was attributed to higher dry matter accumulation (1538.22 g m−2) and effective panicle number (435.2 × 104 ha−1), influenced by increased nitrate reductase activity at the booting stage and glutamine synthase at the heading stage, along with maintenance of higher SPAD value and leaf area index. Nitrogen rates and transplanting densities significantly affected nitrogen use efficiency, with the contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer to yield decreasing as nitrogen rates increased. However, N2B3 improved nitrogen use efficiency and stabilized rice yield by reducing nitrogen fertilizer application. This study suggested that N2B3 treatment could enhance rice yield by improving plant nitrogen use efficiency under low nitrogen supplementation.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
N2B3 produced the highest mean yield, 9.30 t ha−1 over two years, 3.7~49.6% above other treatments.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- N2B3e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 9.30 t ha−1e0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that N2B3 had the highest yield, with an average yield of 9.30 t ha−1 in two years, which was 3.7~49.6% higher than other treatments.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
N2B3 was associated with higher dry matter accumulation of 1538.22 g m−2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N2B3e1
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1538.22 g m−2e0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This increase was attributed to higher dry matter accumulation (1538.22 g m−2) and effective panicle number (435.2 × 104 ha−1)”
t0“Rice”
e1“N2B3 had the highest yield, with an average yield of 9.30 t ha−1 in two years, which was 3.7~49.6% higher than other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
N2B3 was associated with higher effective panicle number of 435.2 × 104 ha−1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N2B3e1
- Outcome
- effective panicle numbere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 435.2 × 104 ha−1e0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher dry matter accumulation (1538.22 g m−2) and effective panicle number (435.2 × 104 ha−1)”
t0“Rice”
e1“N2B3 had the highest yield, with an average yield of 9.30 t ha−1 in two years, which was 3.7~49.6% higher than other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The reported yield increase was attributed partly to increased nitrate reductase activity at booting.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- booting stagee0
- Gene
- nitrate reductasee0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“influenced by increased nitrate reductase activity at the booting stage”
t0“Rice”
e1“highest yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The reported yield increase was attributed partly to glutamine synthase at heading.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- heading stagee0
- Gene
- glutamine synthasee0
- Outcome
- yielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glutamine synthase at the heading stage”
t0“Rice”
e1“highest yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The reported yield increase was linked to maintained higher SPAD value and leaf area index.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- higher SPAD value and leaf area indexe0
- Qualifier
- maintenancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maintenance of higher SPAD value and leaf area index”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rates and transplanting densities significantly affected nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen rates and transplanting densitiese0
- Outcome
- nitrogen use efficiencye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen rates and transplanting densities significantly affected nitrogen use efficiency”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The nitrogen fertilizer contribution to yield decreased as nitrogen rate increased.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nitrogen ratese0
- Outcome
- contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer to yielde0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer to yield decreasing as nitrogen rates increased”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
N2B3 improved nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- N2B3e0
- Outcome
- nitrogen use efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N2B3 improved nitrogen use efficiency and stabilized rice yield by reducing nitrogen fertilizer application.”
Claim · model-written summary
N2B3 stabilized rice yield with reduced nitrogen fertilizer application.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- N2B3e0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- stabilizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N2B3 improved nitrogen use efficiency and stabilized rice yield by reducing nitrogen fertilizer application.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest N2B3 for enhancing yield through nitrogen use efficiency under low nitrogen supplementation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- N2B3 treatmente0
- Outcome
- N2B3 treatment could enhance rice yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study suggested that N2B3 treatment could enhance rice yield by improving plant nitrogen use efficiency under low nitrogen supplementation.”