Abstract
High temperatures have become a severe factor limiting growth and yield for tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) due to unfavorable, above-optimum temperatures. Temperature and nitrogen application were the main regulatory factors in tomato plant cultivation. This research was undertaken to evaluate the effects of nitrogen application and high temperature on tomato morphology, dry matter accumulation and distribution, root vitality and nitrogen content of the above ground. Tomato variety “Jinfen No. 1” was planted and exposed to 4 day/night temperature levels (25 °C/15 °C as control CKT; 30 °C/20 °C, lightly high-temperature LHT; 35 °C/25 °C, moderate high-temperature MHT; 40 °C/30 °C, severe high temperature SHT) for 7 days after five nitrogen supply levels (N1–N5: 0, 1.3, 1.95, 2.6 and 3.75 g/plant, respectively; 2.6 g/plant is the recommended nitrogen-application rate, as control CKTN4). Within conditions, there was an extremely significant difference (p < 0.01) in all tomato plant parameters and an extremely significant interaction (p < 0.01) between high temperatures and nitrogen supply levels, except for plant height sampling on the 1st day in the recovery period. Dry matter accumulation decreased, and the accumulation rate slowed down. Dry matter accumulation under low nitrogen treatment was higher than in high nitrogen treatment. The proportion of dry matter in leaves decreased, the proportion of dry matter in stems increased and the difference in dry matter accumulation and proportion of dry matter between different nitrogen treatments decreased. Under LHT, the root activity of the tomato was increased under all nitrogen levels, while under MHT and SHT, high nitrogen and low nitrogen supply significantly inhibited root activity. Lightly high-temperature stress can increase root activity, and LHTN4 can increase by 5.15% compared with CKTN4. Appropriate nitrogen application can alleviate the damage caused by high-temperature stress on tomato plants and enhance the resistance of tomato plants, while excessive nitrogen application will aggravate the damage degree of tomato plants. In this study, the optimal nitrogen application rates under CKT-SHT treatment were 2.6, 2.6, 1.95 and 1.3 g/plant, respectively.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
High temperatures and nitrogen supply had a significant interaction, except for first-day recovery plant height.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- high temperatures and nitrogen supply levelse0
- Outcome
- plant height samplinge0
- Qualifier
- except for plant height sampling on the 1st day in the recovery periode0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an extremely significant interaction (p < 0.01) between high temperatures and nitrogen supply levels, except for plant height sampling on the 1st day in the recovery period”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter accumulation decreased under study conditions.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- Dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry matter accumulation decreased, and the accumulation rate slowed down”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The dry matter accumulation rate slowed.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- accumulation ratee0
- Direction
- slowed downe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry matter accumulation decreased, and the accumulation rate slowed down”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen produced more dry matter accumulation than high nitrogen.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- low nitrogen treatmente0
- Outcome
- Dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- high nitrogen treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry matter accumulation under low nitrogen treatment was higher than in high nitrogen treatment”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf dry matter proportion decreased.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- proportion of dry mattere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The proportion of dry matter in leaves decreased”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem dry matter proportion increased.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- stemse0
- Outcome
- proportion of dry mattere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the proportion of dry matter in stems increased”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen treatment differences in dry matter accumulation and proportion decreased.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- different nitrogen treatmentse0
- Outcome
- difference in dry matter accumulation and proportion of dry mattere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the difference in dry matter accumulation and proportion of dry matter between different nitrogen treatments decreased”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Light high temperature increased root activity at every nitrogen level.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- LHTe0
- Outcome
- root activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under all nitrogen levelse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under LHT, the root activity of the tomato was increased under all nitrogen levels”
Claim · model-written summary
At moderate and severe high temperature, both high and low nitrogen significantly inhibited root activity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high nitrogen and low nitrogen supplye0
- Outcome
- root activitye0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- under MHT and SHTe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under MHT and SHT, high nitrogen and low nitrogen supply significantly inhibited root activity”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
LHTN4 increased root activity by 5.15% over CKTN4.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- LHTN4e0
- Outcome
- increasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 5.15%e0
- Comparator
- CKTN4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LHTN4 can increase by 5.15% compared with CKTN4”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Appropriate nitrogen was interpreted to alleviate heat damage and enhance tomato resistance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Appropriate nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- damage caused by high-temperature stresse0
- Direction
- alleviatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Appropriate nitrogen application can alleviate the damage caused by high-temperature stress on tomato plants and enhance the resistance of tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive nitrogen was interpreted to aggravate tomato heat damage.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- excessive nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- damage degreee0
- Direction
- aggravatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“excessive nitrogen application will aggravate the damage degree of tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal nitrogen rate under CKT was 2.6 g per plant.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CKT-SHT treatmente0
- Outcome
- optimal nitrogen application ratese0
- Value
- 2.6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the optimal nitrogen application rates under CKT-SHT treatment were 2.6, 2.6, 1.95 and 1.3 g/plant, respectively”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal nitrogen rates under the four temperature treatments ranged from 1.3 to 2.6 g per plant.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- optimal nitrogen application ratese0
- Value
- 2.6, 2.6, 1.95 and 1.3 g/plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the optimal nitrogen application rates under CKT-SHT treatment were 2.6, 2.6, 1.95 and 1.3 g/plant, respectively”
t0“Tomato”
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