Abstract
Importance of the work: Pruning tolerance of fast-growing trees is critical for biomass energy crop cultivation.Leaf traits might be used to identify Jatropha genotypes with high biomass yields.Objectives: To evaluate the effects of pruning and performance of genotypes for leaf traits, biomass yield and wood quality in interspecific hybrids between Jatropha curcas and J. integerrima, as well as the relationships among these traits.Materials & Methods: In total, 16 Jatropha genotypes were planted in the field for 2 yr and pruned each year for biomass harvesting.Leaf traits, biomass yield, wood quality, chemical composition, and calorific value of wood were all assessed.Results: After pruning, there was no significant reduction in the overall biomass yield and leaf traits, such as leaf size, average leaf weight, specific leaf area (SLA) and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR).Furthermore, the hemicellulose and ash contents, moisture, density and calorific value of Jatropha genotype wood were not reduced.Leaf traits, biomass yield and wood quality of a Jatropha genotype showed significant genotype variation.Interspecific hybrids KUBJL 1, KUBJL 3, KUBJL 4, KUBJL 6, KUBJL 11, and KUBJL 13 showed improved leaf traits after pruning.Pruning had no effect on the chemical composition of KUBJL 2, KUBJL 3, KUBJL 8, KUBJL 10, KUBJL 5, KUBJL 11, KUBJL 12, and KUBJL 14.Moreover, KUBJL 5, KUBJL 11, KUBJL 5, KUBJL 4, and KUBJL 2 had the highest pruning tolerance index (PTI), with fresh weight PTIs of 106.25%, 104.07%, 98.27%, and 94.57%, respectively.There were significant and highly significant correlations between biomass yield and leaf size (Pearson's coefficient [r] = -0.57[p < 0.05] to -0.75 [p < 0.01]), average leaf weight (r = -0.58[p < 0.05] to -0.74 [p < 0.01]), and SCMR (r = 0.64 [p < 0.05] to 0.79 [p < 0.01]).Wood calorific value was also related to leaf moisture content (r = -0.33 ns to -0.69 [p < 0.01]), wood moisture content (r = -0.73[p < 0.01] to -0.77 [p < 0.01]), wood density (r = 0.25 ns to 0.75 [p < 0.01]), lignin (r = 0.71 [p < 0.01] to 0.74 [p < 0.01]) and ash (r = -0.73[p < 0.01] to -0.82 [p < 0.01]).Main finding: These traits could be used to select Jatropha hybrids with high biomass yield and heat value.Furthermore, Jatropha interspecific hybrids with pruning tolerance could be selected from this study.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
After pruning, the overall biomass yield of the Jatropha hybrids shows no significant reduction.
JatrophaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16 Jatropha genotypes were planted in the field for 2 yr and pruned each year for biomass harvesting”
e1“After pruning, there was no significant reduction in the overall biomass yield and leaf traits, such as leaf size, average leaf weight, specific leaf area (SLA) and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR)”
Claim · model-written summary
After pruning, leaf size, average leaf weight and specific leaf area show no significant reduction in the Jatropha hybrids.
- Treatment
- pruninge1
- Outcome
- leaf size, average leaf weight, specific leaf area (SLA)e1
- Direction
- reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16 Jatropha genotypes were planted in the field for 2 yr and pruned each year for biomass harvesting”
e1“After pruning, there was no significant reduction in the overall biomass yield and leaf traits, such as leaf size, average leaf weight, specific leaf area (SLA) and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR)”
Claim · model-written summary
After pruning, the SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR) shows no significant reduction in the Jatropha hybrids.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16 Jatropha genotypes were planted in the field for 2 yr and pruned each year for biomass harvesting”
e1“After pruning, there was no significant reduction in the overall biomass yield and leaf traits, such as leaf size, average leaf weight, specific leaf area (SLA) and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning does not reduce the hemicellulose and ash contents of Jatropha genotype wood.
- Material
- Jatropha genotypee2
- Organ / stage
- woode2
- Treatment
- pruninge1
- Outcome
- hemicellulose and ash contentse2
- Direction
- not reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16 Jatropha genotypes were planted in the field for 2 yr and pruned each year for biomass harvesting”
e1“After pruning, there was no significant reduction in the overall biomass yield and leaf traits, such as leaf size, average leaf weight, specific leaf area (SLA) and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR)”
e2“the hemicellulose and ash contents, moisture, density and calorific value of Jatropha genotype wood were not reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning does not reduce the moisture, density and calorific value of Jatropha genotype wood.
- Material
- Jatropha genotypee2
- Organ / stage
- woode2
- Treatment
- pruninge1
- Outcome
- moisture, density and calorific valuee2
- Direction
- not reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16 Jatropha genotypes were planted in the field for 2 yr and pruned each year for biomass harvesting”
e1“After pruning, there was no significant reduction in the overall biomass yield and leaf traits, such as leaf size, average leaf weight, specific leaf area (SLA) and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR)”
e2“the hemicellulose and ash contents, moisture, density and calorific value of Jatropha genotype wood were not reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf traits, biomass yield and wood quality show significant genotype variation among Jatropha genotypes.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Leaf traits, biomass yield and wood quality of a Jatropha genotype showed significant genotype variation”
Claim · model-written summary
After pruning, six interspecific hybrids show improved leaf traits.
- Material
- KUBJL 1, KUBJL 3, KUBJL 4, KUBJL 6, KUBJL 11, and KUBJL 13e4
- Treatment
- pruninge4
- Outcome
- leaf traitse4
- Direction
- improvede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16 Jatropha genotypes were planted in the field for 2 yr and pruned each year for biomass harvesting”
e4“Interspecific hybrids KUBJL 1, KUBJL 3, KUBJL 4, KUBJL 6, KUBJL 11, and KUBJL 13 showed improved leaf traits after pruning”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning has no effect on the chemical composition of eight Jatropha hybrids.
- Material
- KUBJL 2, KUBJL 3, KUBJL 8, KUBJL 10, KUBJL 5, KUBJL 11, KUBJL 12, and KUBJL 14e5
- Treatment
- Pruninge5
- Outcome
- chemical compositione5
- Direction
- no effecte5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16 Jatropha genotypes were planted in the field for 2 yr and pruned each year for biomass harvesting”
e5“Pruning had no effect on the chemical composition of KUBJL 2, KUBJL 3, KUBJL 8, KUBJL 10, KUBJL 5, KUBJL 11, KUBJL 12, and KUBJL 14”
Claim · model-written summary
KUBJL 5, KUBJL 11, KUBJL 4 and KUBJL 2 have the highest pruning tolerance index, with fresh weight PTIs of 106.25%, 104.07%, 98.27% and 94.57% as written.
- Material
- KUBJL 5, KUBJL 11, KUBJL 5, KUBJL 4, and KUBJL 2e6
- Outcome
- pruning tolerance index (PTI)e6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 106.25%, 104.07%, 98.27%, and 94.57%e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16 Jatropha genotypes were planted in the field for 2 yr and pruned each year for biomass harvesting”
e6“KUBJL 5, KUBJL 11, KUBJL 5, KUBJL 4, and KUBJL 2 had the highest pruning tolerance index (PTI), with fresh weight PTIs of 106.25%, 104.07%, 98.27%, and 94.57%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass yield decreases as leaf size increases across the Jatropha hybrids (significant correlation).
- Organ / stage
- leafe7
- Outcome
- biomass yielde7
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede7
- Value
- -0.57[p < 0.05] to -0.75 [p < 0.01]e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16 Jatropha genotypes were planted in the field for 2 yr and pruned each year for biomass harvesting”
e7“There were significant and highly significant correlations between biomass yield and leaf size (Pearson's coefficient [r] = -0.57[p < 0.05] to -0.75 [p < 0.01])”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass yield decreases as average leaf weight increases across the Jatropha hybrids (significant correlation).
- Organ / stage
- leafe2
- Outcome
- biomass yielde1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Value
- -0.58[p < 0.05] to -0.74 [p < 0.01]e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16 Jatropha genotypes were planted in the field for 2 yr and pruned each year for biomass harvesting”
e1“There were significant and highly significant correlations between biomass yield and leaf size (Pearson's coefficient [r] = -0.57[p < 0.05] to -0.75 [p < 0.01])”
e2“average leaf weight (r = -0.58[p < 0.05] to -0.74 [p < 0.01])”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass yield increases with the SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR) across the Jatropha hybrids (significant correlation).
- Compound
- chlorophylle3
- Outcome
- biomass yielde1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 0.64 [p < 0.05] to 0.79 [p < 0.01]e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16 Jatropha genotypes were planted in the field for 2 yr and pruned each year for biomass harvesting”
e1“There were significant and highly significant correlations between biomass yield and leaf size (Pearson's coefficient [r] = -0.57[p < 0.05] to -0.75 [p < 0.01])”
e2“and SCMR (r = 0.64 [p < 0.05] to 0.79 [p < 0.01])”
e3“SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wood calorific value decreases with leaf moisture content; the correlation is not significant for the lowest value (ns).
- Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Outcome
- Wood calorific valuee1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Value
- -0.33 ns to -0.69 [p < 0.01]e1
- Qualifier
- -0.33 nse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16 Jatropha genotypes were planted in the field for 2 yr and pruned each year for biomass harvesting”
e1“Wood calorific value was also related to leaf moisture content (r = -0.33 ns to -0.69 [p < 0.01]), wood moisture content (r = -0.73[p < 0.01] to -0.77 [p < 0.01]), wood density (r = 0.25 ns to 0.75 [p < 0.01]), lignin (r = 0.71 [p < 0.01] to 0.74 [p < 0.01]) and ash (r = -0.73[p < 0.01] to -0.82 [p < 0.01])”
Claim · model-written summary
Wood calorific value decreases with wood moisture content (significant correlation).
- Organ / stage
- woode1
- Outcome
- Wood calorific valuee1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Value
- -0.73[p < 0.01] to -0.77 [p < 0.01]e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16 Jatropha genotypes were planted in the field for 2 yr and pruned each year for biomass harvesting”
e1“Wood calorific value was also related to leaf moisture content (r = -0.33 ns to -0.69 [p < 0.01]), wood moisture content (r = -0.73[p < 0.01] to -0.77 [p < 0.01]), wood density (r = 0.25 ns to 0.75 [p < 0.01]), lignin (r = 0.71 [p < 0.01] to 0.74 [p < 0.01]) and ash (r = -0.73[p < 0.01] to -0.82 [p < 0.01])”
Claim · model-written summary
Wood calorific value increases with wood density; the correlation is not significant for the lowest value (ns).
- Organ / stage
- woode1
- Outcome
- Wood calorific valuee1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 0.25 ns to 0.75 [p < 0.01]e1
- Qualifier
- 0.25 nse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16 Jatropha genotypes were planted in the field for 2 yr and pruned each year for biomass harvesting”
e1“Wood calorific value was also related to leaf moisture content (r = -0.33 ns to -0.69 [p < 0.01]), wood moisture content (r = -0.73[p < 0.01] to -0.77 [p < 0.01]), wood density (r = 0.25 ns to 0.75 [p < 0.01]), lignin (r = 0.71 [p < 0.01] to 0.74 [p < 0.01]) and ash (r = -0.73[p < 0.01] to -0.82 [p < 0.01])”
Claim · model-written summary
Wood calorific value increases with lignin content (significant correlation).
- Compound
- lignine1
- Outcome
- Wood calorific valuee1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 0.71 [p < 0.01] to 0.74 [p < 0.01]e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16 Jatropha genotypes were planted in the field for 2 yr and pruned each year for biomass harvesting”
e1“Wood calorific value was also related to leaf moisture content (r = -0.33 ns to -0.69 [p < 0.01]), wood moisture content (r = -0.73[p < 0.01] to -0.77 [p < 0.01]), wood density (r = 0.25 ns to 0.75 [p < 0.01]), lignin (r = 0.71 [p < 0.01] to 0.74 [p < 0.01]) and ash (r = -0.73[p < 0.01] to -0.82 [p < 0.01])”
Claim · model-written summary
Wood calorific value decreases with ash content (significant correlation).
- Compound
- ashe1
- Outcome
- Wood calorific valuee1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Value
- -0.73[p < 0.01] to -0.82 [p < 0.01]e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16 Jatropha genotypes were planted in the field for 2 yr and pruned each year for biomass harvesting”
e1“Wood calorific value was also related to leaf moisture content (r = -0.33 ns to -0.69 [p < 0.01]), wood moisture content (r = -0.73[p < 0.01] to -0.77 [p < 0.01]), wood density (r = 0.25 ns to 0.75 [p < 0.01]), lignin (r = 0.71 [p < 0.01] to 0.74 [p < 0.01]) and ash (r = -0.73[p < 0.01] to -0.82 [p < 0.01])”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend selecting Jatropha hybrids with high biomass yield and heat value using these traits.
- Outcome
- select Jatropha hybrids with high biomass yield and heat valuee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“These traits could be used to select Jatropha hybrids with high biomass yield and heat value”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend that pruning-tolerant interspecific hybrids can be selected from this study.
- Outcome
- pruning tolerancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Jatropha interspecific hybrids with pruning tolerance could be selected from this study”
The same questions in other papers
pruning · quality: general · JatrophaPositive and negative results
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- positive
pruning · yield · JatrophaPositive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
pruning · growth · JatrophaPositive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.