Abstract
Movement proteins (MPs) encoded by plant viruses deliver viral genomes to plasmodesmata (PD) to ensure intracellular and intercellular transport. However, how the MPs encoded by monopartite geminiviruses are targeted to PD is obscure. Here, we demonstrate that the C5 protein of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) anchors to PD during the viral infection following trafficking from the nucleus along microfilaments in Nicotiana benthamiana. C5 could move between cells and partially complement the traffic of a movement-deficient turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) mutant (TuMV-GFP-P3N-PIPO-m1) into adjacent cells. The TYLCV-C5 null mutant (TYLCV-mC5) attenuates viral pathogenicity and decreases viral DNA and protein accumulation, and ectopic overexpression of C5 enhances viral DNA accumulation. Interaction assays between TYLCV-C5 and the other eight viral proteins described in TYLCV reveal that C5 associates with C2 in the nucleus and with V2 in the cytoplasm and at PD. The V2 protein is mainly localized in the nucleus and cytoplasmic granules when expressed alone; in contrast, V2 forms small punctate granules at PD when co-expressed with C5 or in TYLCV-infected cells. The interaction of V2 and C5 also facilitates their nuclear export. Furthermore, C5-mediated PD localization of V2 is conserved in two other geminiviruses. Therefore, this study solves a long-sought-after functional connection between PD and the geminivirus movement and improves our understanding of geminivirus-encoded MPs and their potential cellular and molecular mechanisms.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
TYLCV C5 anchors to plasmodesmata after nuclear trafficking along microfilaments.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Interactor
- tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV)Tomato yellow leaf curl viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- C5e0
- Outcome
- anchors to PDe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the C5 protein of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) anchors to PD during the viral infection following trafficking from the nucleus along microfilaments in Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
C5 moved between cells and partly complemented movement of the TuMV mutant.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Interactor
- turnip mosaic virus (TuMV)
Turnip mosaic viruse0pathogen - Gene
- C5e0
- Outcome
- traffic of a movement-deficient turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) mutante0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C5 could move between cells and partially complement the traffic of a movement-deficient turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) mutant (TuMV-GFP-P3N-PIPO-m1) into adjacent cells”
t0“Geminivirus C5 proteins mediate formation of virus complexes at plasmodesmata for viral intercellular movement”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
TYLCV C5 null mutation attenuated viral pathogenicity.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- TYLCV-C5 null mutant (TYLCV-mC5)e0
- Interactor
- TYLCVTomato yellow leaf curl viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- viral pathogenicitye0
- Direction
- attenuatese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The TYLCV-C5 null mutant (TYLCV-mC5) attenuates viral pathogenicity”
t0“Geminivirus C5 proteins mediate formation of virus complexes at plasmodesmata for viral intercellular movement”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
TYLCV C5 null mutation decreased viral DNA and protein accumulation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- TYLCV-C5 null mutant (TYLCV-mC5)e0
- Interactor
- TYLCVTomato yellow leaf curl viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- viral DNA and protein accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The TYLCV-C5 null mutant (TYLCV-mC5) attenuates viral pathogenicity and decreases viral DNA and protein accumulation”
t0“Geminivirus C5 proteins mediate formation of virus complexes at plasmodesmata for viral intercellular movement”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
C5 overexpression enhanced viral DNA accumulation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- ectopic overexpression of C5e0
- Gene
- C5e0
- Outcome
- viral DNA accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ectopic overexpression of C5 enhances viral DNA accumulation”
t0“Geminivirus C5 proteins mediate formation of virus complexes at plasmodesmata for viral intercellular movement”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
C5 associated with C2 in the nucleus.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Gene
- C5e0
- Outcome
- associates with C2 in the nucleuse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C5 associates with C2 in the nucleus”
t0“Geminivirus C5 proteins mediate formation of virus complexes at plasmodesmata for viral intercellular movement”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
C5 associated with V2 in the cytoplasm and plasmodesmata.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Gene
- V2e0
- Outcome
- with V2 in the cytoplasm and at PDe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with V2 in the cytoplasm and at PD”
t0“Geminivirus C5 proteins mediate formation of virus complexes at plasmodesmata for viral intercellular movement”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
V2 alone localized mainly to nucleus and cytoplasmic granules.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Gene
- V2e0
- Outcome
- localized in the nucleus and cytoplasmic granulese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The V2 protein is mainly localized in the nucleus and cytoplasmic granules when expressed alone”
t0“Geminivirus C5 proteins mediate formation of virus complexes at plasmodesmata for viral intercellular movement”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
V2 formed punctate granules at plasmodesmata with C5 coexpression or TYLCV infection.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Gene
- V2e0
- Outcome
- small punctate granules at PDe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“V2 forms small punctate granules at PD when co-expressed with C5 or in TYLCV-infected cells”
t0“Geminivirus C5 proteins mediate formation of virus complexes at plasmodesmata for viral intercellular movement”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
V2 and C5 interaction facilitated their nuclear export.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Gene
- V2 and C5e0
- Outcome
- nuclear exporte0
- Direction
- facilitatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of V2 and C5 also facilitates their nuclear export”
t0“Geminivirus C5 proteins mediate formation of virus complexes at plasmodesmata for viral intercellular movement”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
C5 mediated V2 localization at plasmodesmata was conserved in two other geminiviruses.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Gene
- V2e0
- Outcome
- PD localization of V2e0
- Qualifier
- two other geminivirusese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C5-mediated PD localization of V2 is conserved in two other geminiviruses”
t0“Geminivirus C5 proteins mediate formation of virus complexes at plasmodesmata for viral intercellular movement”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · Tomato yellow leaf curl virus · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.