Abstract
High-quality (i.e., higher appearance and eating quality) rice (Oryza sativa L.) is being increasingly and widely planted in China with the improvement of people’s living standards and the achievement of rice breeding efforts in recent years. However, the agronomic and physiological performances of high-quality indica rice (HQIR) under different nitrogen (N) application conditions in southern China are little known. Two-year consecutive field experiments were conducted with two HQIR and two ordinary-quality indica rice (OQIR) varieties under moderate and high-N application rates, with yield and yield components, biomass, N uptake, and their related traits, being investigated. We found that grain yields of HQIR were slightly decreased, but grain yields of OQIR were significantly increased by 7.0–9.6% under a high N rate, compared with a moderate N rate within two years. Thereby, OQIR produced a 5.7–14.7% and 18.7–25.6% higher grain yield than HQIR under moderate and high N rates, respectively. The different responses of grain yield to N application rates were mainly due to a decreased grain setting rate in HQIR and increased spikelets m−2 in OQIR under a high N rate. Furthermore, a high N rate significantly reduced pre-anthesis AE (apparent exportation of pre-anthesis stem and leaf blade dry matter) and improved the grain-leaf area ratio, while it did not increase post-anthesis dry matter, compared with a moderate N rate in HQIR, which might result in carbon-metabolic deterioration, an imbalance of the source–sink relationship and, subsequently, a lower supply of carbohydrate in panicle. Our results suggest that a moderate N rate (165 kg N ha−1) is beneficial for the HQIR varieties to balance the maximum grain yield and high quality in southern China.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen slightly decreased HQIR grain yield relative to moderate nitrogen.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- HQIRe1
- Treatment
- high N ratee1
- Outcome
- grain yieldse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- moderate N ratee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“grain yields of HQIR were slightly decreased, but grain yields of OQIR were significantly increased by 7.0–9.6% under a high N rate, compared with a moderate N rate within two years.”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen increased OQIR grain yield by 7.0–9.6% relative to moderate nitrogen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- OQIRe1
- Treatment
- high N ratee1
- Outcome
- grain yieldse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 7.0–9.6%e1
- Comparator
- moderate N ratee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“grain yields of HQIR were slightly decreased, but grain yields of OQIR were significantly increased by 7.0–9.6% under a high N rate, compared with a moderate N rate within two years.”
Claim · model-written summary
OQIR yield exceeded HQIR yield by 5.7–14.7% under moderate nitrogen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- OQIRe1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 5.7–14.7%e1
- Qualifier
- moderatee1
- Comparator
- HQIRe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“OQIR produced a 5.7–14.7% and 18.7–25.6% higher grain yield than HQIR under moderate and high N rates, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
OQIR yield exceeded HQIR yield by 18.7–25.6% under high nitrogen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- OQIRe1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 18.7–25.6%e1
- Qualifier
- high N ratese1
- Comparator
- HQIRe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“OQIR produced a 5.7–14.7% and 18.7–25.6% higher grain yield than HQIR under moderate and high N rates, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen reduced HQIR grain setting rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- HQIRe1
- Treatment
- high N ratee1
- Outcome
- grain setting ratee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“a decreased grain setting rate in HQIR and increased spikelets m−2 in OQIR under a high N rate.”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen increased spikelets per square metre in OQIR.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- OQIRe1
- Treatment
- high N ratee1
- Outcome
- spikelets m−2e1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“a decreased grain setting rate in HQIR and increased spikelets m−2 in OQIR under a high N rate.”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen significantly reduced HQIR pre-anthesis AE.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- HQIRe1
- Treatment
- high N ratee1
- Outcome
- pre-anthesis AEe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- moderate N ratee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“a high N rate significantly reduced pre-anthesis AE (apparent exportation of pre-anthesis stem and leaf blade dry matter) and improved the grain-leaf area ratio, while it did not increase post-anthesis dry matter, compared with a moderate N rate in HQIR”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen improved HQIR grain to leaf area ratio.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- HQIRe1
- Treatment
- high N ratee1
- Outcome
- grain-leaf area ratioe1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- moderate N ratee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“a high N rate significantly reduced pre-anthesis AE (apparent exportation of pre-anthesis stem and leaf blade dry matter) and improved the grain-leaf area ratio, while it did not increase post-anthesis dry matter, compared with a moderate N rate in HQIR”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen did not increase HQIR post-anthesis dry matter.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- HQIRe1
- Treatment
- high N ratee1
- Outcome
- post-anthesis dry mattere1
- Direction
- did not increasee1
- Comparator
- moderate N ratee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“a high N rate significantly reduced pre-anthesis AE (apparent exportation of pre-anthesis stem and leaf blade dry matter) and improved the grain-leaf area ratio, while it did not increase post-anthesis dry matter, compared with a moderate N rate in HQIR”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 165 kg N ha−1 to balance HQIR yield and quality in southern China.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- HQIRe1
- Treatment
- moderate N rate (165 kg N ha−1)e1
- Outcome
- balance the maximum grain yield and high qualitye1
- Setting
- southern Chinae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“a moderate N rate (165 kg N ha−1) is beneficial for the HQIR varieties to balance the maximum grain yield and high quality in southern China.”
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