Abstract
The major issue in modern agriculture is long-term sustainability. Nutrient management by integrating organic manures and inorganic fertilizers may play a vital role in improving and sustaining crop productivity. A long-term field experiment (since 1984) comprising 11 treatments with different combinations of inorganic and organic fertilizers such as farm yard manure (FYM), wheat cut straw (WCS) and Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata L.) as green manure (GM) was conducted to evaluate their effects on crop yield, nutrient accumulation and soil fertility status under a rice – wheat cropping system. The maximum grain yield of wheat was recorded in T6, i.e. 50% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) + 50% nitrogen through FYM in rice and 100% RDF in wheat (4291 kg ha−1) as compared to chemically fertilized plots T5, i.e. 100% RDF in both rice and wheat (3441 kg ha−1). The application of organic manures in combination with chemical fertilizers reduced soil pH and bulk density from 7.40 to 7.23 and 1.49 to 1.37 g cm−3, respectively. Soil organic carbon (SOC), available soil nutrients and nutrient accumulation by crop were higher in integrated nutrient management-treated plots as compared to control. A positive and significant correlation was observed between SOC and available soil nitrogen (r = 0.987), phosphorus (r = 0.913) and potassium (r = 0.921). The results clearly suggest that integrated use of chemical fertilizers and organic manures on a long-term basis improves soil fertility and crop productivity with the potential to enhance soil sustainability
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated T6 treatment gave wheat grain yield of 4291 kg ha−1 versus 3441 kg ha−1 under chemical fertilizer alone.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- 50% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) + 50% nitrogen through FYM in rice and 100% RDF in wheate0
- Outcome
- grain yield of wheate0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 4291 kg ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- 3441 kg ha−1e0
- Comparator
- 100% RDF in both rice and wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum grain yield of wheat was recorded in T6, i.e. 50% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) + 50% nitrogen through FYM in rice and 100% RDF in wheat (4291 kg ha−1) as compared to chemically fertilized plots T5, i.e. 100% RDF in both rice and wheat (3441 kg ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures combined with chemical fertilizers lowered soil pH from 7.40 to 7.23.
- Taxon
- Rice-Wheatt0
- Treatment
- organic manures in combination with chemical fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 7.40 to 7.23e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The application of organic manures in combination with chemical fertilizers reduced soil pH and bulk density from 7.40 to 7.23 and 1.49 to 1.37 g cm−3, respectively”
t0“Rice-Wheat Cropping System”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures combined with chemical fertilizers lowered soil bulk density from 1.49 to 1.37 g cm−3.
- Taxon
- Rice-Wheatt0
- Treatment
- organic manures in combination with chemical fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- bulk densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 1.49 to 1.37 g cm−3e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The application of organic manures in combination with chemical fertilizers reduced soil pH and bulk density from 7.40 to 7.23 and 1.49 to 1.37 g cm−3, respectively”
t0“Rice-Wheat Cropping System”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management increased soil organic carbon and available nutrients relative to control.
Verbatim
e0“Soil organic carbon (SOC), available soil nutrients and nutrient accumulation by crop were higher in integrated nutrient management-treated plots as compared to control”
t0“Rice-Wheat Cropping System”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management increased crop nutrient accumulation relative to control.
Verbatim
e0“Soil organic carbon (SOC), available soil nutrients and nutrient accumulation by crop were higher in integrated nutrient management-treated plots as compared to control”
t0“Rice-Wheat Cropping System”
Claim · model-written summary
SOC correlated positively with available soil nitrogen (r = 0.987).
Verbatim
e0“A positive and significant correlation was observed between SOC and available soil nitrogen (r = 0.987), phosphorus (r = 0.913) and potassium (r = 0.921)”
t0“Rice-Wheat Cropping System”
Claim · model-written summary
SOC correlated positively with available soil phosphorus (r = 0.913).
Verbatim
e0“A positive and significant correlation was observed between SOC and available soil nitrogen (r = 0.987), phosphorus (r = 0.913) and potassium (r = 0.921)”
t0“Rice-Wheat Cropping System”
Claim · model-written summary
SOC correlated positively with available soil potassium (r = 0.921).
Verbatim
e0“A positive and significant correlation was observed between SOC and available soil nitrogen (r = 0.987), phosphorus (r = 0.913) and potassium (r = 0.921)”
t0“Rice-Wheat Cropping System”
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