Abstract
Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon), poses a serious threat to watermelon productivity. We previously characterized six antagonistic bacterial strains, including DHA6, capable of suppressing watermelon Fusarium wilt under greenhouse conditions. This study investigates the role of extracellular cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) produced by strain DHA6 in Fusarium wilt suppression. Taxonomic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence categorized strain DHA6 as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identified five families of CLPs, i.e., iturin, surfactin, bacillomycin, syringfactin, and pumilacidin, in the culture filtrate of B. amyloliquefaciens DHA6. These CLPs exhibited significant antifungal activity against Fon by inducing oxidative stress and disrupting structural integrity, inhibiting mycelial growth and spore germination. Furthermore, pretreatment with CLPs promoted plant growth and suppressed watermelon Fusarium wilt by activating antioxidant enzymes (e.g., catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase) and triggering genes involved in salicylic acid and jasmonic acid/ethylene signaling in watermelon plants. These results highlight the critical roles of CLPs as determinants for B. amyloliquefaciens DHA6 in suppressing Fusarium wilt through direct antifungal activity and modulation of plant defense responses. This study provides a foundation for developing B. amyloliquefaciens DHA6-based biopesticides, serving as both antimicrobial agents and resistance inducers, to effectively control Fusarium wilt in watermelon and other crops.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The strain DHA6 was assigned to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
- Taxon
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
.jpg?width=60)
Bacillus amyloliquefaciense0 - Outcome
- categorized strain DHA6 as Bacillus amyloliquefaciense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Taxonomic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence categorized strain DHA6 as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.”
Claim · model-written summary
Five cyclic lipopeptide families were identified in the DHA6 culture filtrate.
- Taxon
- B. amyloliquefaciensBacillus amyloliquefaciense0
- Outcome
- iturin, surfactin, bacillomycin, syringfactin, and pumilacidine0
- Value
- fivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identified five families of CLPs, i.e., iturin, surfactin, bacillomycin, syringfactin, and pumilacidin, in the culture filtrate of B. amyloliquefaciens DHA6.”
Claim · model-written summary
The cyclic lipopeptides significantly inhibited Fon mycelial growth.
- Taxon
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveume1 - Treatment
- CLPse0
- Outcome
- mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These CLPs exhibited significant antifungal activity against Fon by inducing oxidative stress and disrupting structural integrity, inhibiting mycelial growth and spore germination.”
e1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon)”
Claim · model-written summary
The cyclic lipopeptides significantly inhibited Fon spore germination.
- Taxon
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveumFusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveume1
- Treatment
- CLPse0
- Outcome
- spore germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These CLPs exhibited significant antifungal activity against Fon by inducing oxidative stress and disrupting structural integrity, inhibiting mycelial growth and spore germination.”
e1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon)”
Claim · model-written summary
CLPs caused oxidative stress and structural disruption in Fon.
- Taxon
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveumFusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveume1
- Treatment
- CLPse0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress and disrupting structural integritye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These CLPs exhibited significant antifungal activity against Fon by inducing oxidative stress and disrupting structural integrity”
e1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon)”
Claim · model-written summary
CLP pretreatment promoted watermelon growth.
- Taxon
- Watermelon
Citrullus lanatust0 - Treatment
- pretreatment with CLPse0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretreatment with CLPs promoted plant growth and suppressed watermelon Fusarium wilt”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
CLP pretreatment suppressed watermelon Fusarium wilt.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with CLPse0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveumFusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveume1pathogen
- Outcome
- Fusarium wilte0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretreatment with CLPs promoted plant growth and suppressed watermelon Fusarium wilt”
e1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon)”
Claim · model-written summary
CLP pretreatment activated antioxidant enzymes in watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- CLPse2
- Gene
- catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- activatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activating antioxidant enzymes (e.g., catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase)”
e1“watermelon plants”
e2“pretreatment with CLPs”
Claim · model-written summary
CLP pretreatment triggered salicylic acid and jasmonic acid/ethylene signaling genes in watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with CLPse1
- Outcome
- genes involved in salicylic acid and jasmonic acid/ethylene signalinge0
- Direction
- triggeringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“triggering genes involved in salicylic acid and jasmonic acid/ethylene signaling in watermelon plants.”
e1“pretreatment with CLPs”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify CLPs as determinants of DHA6 wilt suppression through antifungal activity and host defense modulation.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- CLPse0
- Second interactor
- B. amyloliquefaciens DHA6Bacillus amyloliquefaciense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- suppressing Fusarium wilte0
- Qualifier
- through direct antifungal activity and modulation of plant defense responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“critical roles of CLPs as determinants for B. amyloliquefaciens DHA6 in suppressing Fusarium wilt through direct antifungal activity and modulation of plant defense responses.”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose DHA6 biopesticides for wilt control.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Outcome
- developing B. amyloliquefaciens DHA6-based biopesticidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“developing B. amyloliquefaciens DHA6-based biopesticides, serving as both antimicrobial agents and resistance inducers, to effectively control Fusarium wilt in watermelon and other crops.”