Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. is a promising bioenergy source, and its seedling stage is sensitive to salinity. Nitrogen application presents an effective strategy for alleviating the adverse consequences of salinity stress. However, the responses of plant growth and physiology of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings to nitrogen application under salinity stress remain unclear. As a result, a one-year greenhouse plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application on the plant growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, and photosynthesis of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings under saline conditions. Experiment treatments consisted of three salinity stresses (mild salinity stress, S1: 2 g/kg; moderate salinity stress, S2: 4 g/kg; and severe salinity stress, S3: 6 g/kg), four nitrogen application rates (N0: 0 gN/plant; N1: 20 gN/plant; N2: 60 gN/plant; and N3: 100 gN/plant), and a control treatment (CK) which was without salinity stress and nitrogen application. The results showed that salinity stress substantially reduced plant growth of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings. As the salinity stress increased, the reduction in plant growth also increased. The S3 treatment had the lowest leaf area, leaf biomass, and total biomass, which decreased by an average of 70.4%, 66.3%, and 69.9%, respectively, compared to CK. Nitrogen application could compensate for these impairments of plant growth from salinity stress by promoting antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthesis. As for mild and moderate salinity stresses, the maximum plant growth was found in the N3 treatment, with the maximum antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic pigment, photosynthetic characteristic, and chlorophyll fluorescence. As for severe salinity stress, higher plant growth was found in N2 and N3 treatments, and there were no significant differences between N2 and N3 treatments. It also should be noted that the maximum photosynthetic characteristic and chlorophyll fluorescence were found in N2 treatment under severe salinity stress. In conclusion, nitrogen application could be an alternative strategy to improve the salinity tolerance of Jatropha curcas L. growth. The nitrogen application rate of 100 gN/plant could be recommended for low and moderate salinity stresses, while 60 gN/plant could be recommended for severe salinity stress. However, higher nitrogen application rate (>100 gN/plant) under mild and moderate salinity stress and the effects of reactive oxygen species under salinity stress should be further evaluated.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress substantially reduced plant growth of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.
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Jatropha curcase0 - Treatment
- salinity stresse1
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Setting
- greenhouse plot experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_tree_at_Samedha.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“a one-year greenhouse plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application on the plant growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, and photosynthesis of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings under saline conditions”
e1“The results showed that salinity stress substantially reduced plant growth of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The reduction in plant growth increased as salinity stress increased in Jatropha curcas seedlings.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse1
- Outcome
- reduction in plant growthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a one-year greenhouse plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application on the plant growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, and photosynthesis of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings under saline conditions”
e1“As the salinity stress increased, the reduction in plant growth also increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Under the S3 salinity treatment, leaf area decreased by 70.4% on average compared with CK.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase0
- Treatment
- S3 treatmente1
- Outcome
- leaf areae1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 70.4%e1
- Comparator
- CKe1
- Setting
- greenhouse plot experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a one-year greenhouse plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application on the plant growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, and photosynthesis of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings under saline conditions”
e1“The S3 treatment had the lowest leaf area, leaf biomass, and total biomass, which decreased by an average of 70.4%, 66.3%, and 69.9%, respectively, compared to CK”
Claim · model-written summary
Under the S3 salinity treatment, leaf biomass decreased by 66.3% on average compared with CK.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase0
- Treatment
- S3 treatmente1
- Outcome
- leaf biomasse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 66.3%e1
- Comparator
- CKe1
- Setting
- greenhouse plot experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a one-year greenhouse plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application on the plant growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, and photosynthesis of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings under saline conditions”
e1“The S3 treatment had the lowest leaf area, leaf biomass, and total biomass, which decreased by an average of 70.4%, 66.3%, and 69.9%, respectively, compared to CK”
Claim · model-written summary
Under the S3 salinity treatment, total biomass decreased by 69.9% on average compared with CK.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase0
- Treatment
- S3 treatmente1
- Outcome
- total biomasse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 69.9%e1
- Comparator
- CKe1
- Setting
- greenhouse plot experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a one-year greenhouse plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application on the plant growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, and photosynthesis of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings under saline conditions”
e1“The S3 treatment had the lowest leaf area, leaf biomass, and total biomass, which decreased by an average of 70.4%, 66.3%, and 69.9%, respectively, compared to CK”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application increased plant growth under salinity stress by promoting antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen applicatione1
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Qualifier
- by promoting antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthesise1
- Setting
- greenhouse plot experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a one-year greenhouse plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application on the plant growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, and photosynthesis of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings under saline conditions”
e1“Nitrogen application could compensate for these impairments of plant growth from salinity stress by promoting antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Under mild and moderate salinity stress, the N3 treatment gave the maximum plant growth.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase0
- Treatment
- N3 treatmente1
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Qualifier
- mild and moderate salinity stressese1
- Setting
- greenhouse plot experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a one-year greenhouse plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application on the plant growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, and photosynthesis of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings under saline conditions”
e1“As for mild and moderate salinity stresses, the maximum plant growth was found in the N3 treatment, with the maximum antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic pigment, photosynthetic characteristic, and chlorophyll fluorescence”
Claim · model-written summary
Under mild and moderate salinity stress, the N3 treatment gave the maximum antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthetic pigment.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase0
- Treatment
- N3 treatmente1
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic pigmente1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Qualifier
- mild and moderate salinity stressese1
- Setting
- greenhouse plot experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a one-year greenhouse plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application on the plant growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, and photosynthesis of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings under saline conditions”
e1“As for mild and moderate salinity stresses, the maximum plant growth was found in the N3 treatment, with the maximum antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic pigment, photosynthetic characteristic, and chlorophyll fluorescence”
Claim · model-written summary
Under mild and moderate salinity stress, the N3 treatment gave the maximum photosynthetic characteristic and chlorophyll fluorescence.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase0
- Treatment
- N3 treatmente1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic characteristic, and chlorophyll fluorescencee1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Qualifier
- mild and moderate salinity stressese1
- Setting
- greenhouse plot experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a one-year greenhouse plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application on the plant growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, and photosynthesis of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings under saline conditions”
e1“As for mild and moderate salinity stresses, the maximum plant growth was found in the N3 treatment, with the maximum antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic pigment, photosynthetic characteristic, and chlorophyll fluorescence”
Claim · model-written summary
Under severe salinity stress, N2 and N3 treatments gave higher plant growth.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase0
- Treatment
- N2 and N3 treatmentse1
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- severe salinity stresse1
- Setting
- greenhouse plot experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a one-year greenhouse plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application on the plant growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, and photosynthesis of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings under saline conditions”
e1“As for severe salinity stress, higher plant growth was found in N2 and N3 treatments, and there were no significant differences between N2 and N3 treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Under severe salinity stress, N2 and N3 treatments did not differ significantly in plant growth.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase0
- Treatment
- N2e1
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Direction
- no significant differencese1
- Qualifier
- severe salinity stresse1
- Comparator
- N3 treatmentse1
- Setting
- greenhouse plot experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a one-year greenhouse plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application on the plant growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, and photosynthesis of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings under saline conditions”
e1“As for severe salinity stress, higher plant growth was found in N2 and N3 treatments, and there were no significant differences between N2 and N3 treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Under severe salinity stress, the N2 treatment gave the maximum photosynthetic characteristic and chlorophyll fluorescence.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase0
- Treatment
- N2 treatmente1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic characteristic and chlorophyll fluorescencee1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Qualifier
- severe salinity stresse1
- Setting
- greenhouse plot experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a one-year greenhouse plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application on the plant growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, and photosynthesis of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings under saline conditions”
e1“It also should be noted that the maximum photosynthetic characteristic and chlorophyll fluorescence were found in N2 treatment under severe salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application is suggested as an alternative strategy to improve the salinity tolerance of Jatropha curcas growth.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- alternative strategy to improve the salinity tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In conclusion, nitrogen application could be an alternative strategy to improve the salinity tolerance of Jatropha curcas L. growth”
Claim · model-written summary
A nitrogen application rate of 100 gN/plant is recommended for low and moderate salinity stress in Jatropha curcas.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase0
- Outcome
- nitrogen application ratee1
- Value
- 100 gN/plante1
- Qualifier
- for low and moderate salinity stressese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a one-year greenhouse plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application on the plant growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, and photosynthesis of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings under saline conditions”
e1“The nitrogen application rate of 100 gN/plant could be recommended for low and moderate salinity stresses, while 60 gN/plant could be recommended for severe salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
A nitrogen application rate of 60 gN/plant is recommended for severe salinity stress in Jatropha curcas.
- Taxon
- Jatropha curcas L.Jatropha curcase0
- Outcome
- nitrogen application ratee1
- Value
- 60 gN/plante1
- Qualifier
- for severe salinity stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a one-year greenhouse plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application on the plant growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, and photosynthesis of Jatropha curcas L. seedlings under saline conditions”
e1“The nitrogen application rate of 100 gN/plant could be recommended for low and moderate salinity stresses, while 60 gN/plant could be recommended for severe salinity stress”
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