Abstract
Soil nitrogen can significantly affect the morphology, biomass, nutrient allocation, and photosynthesis of alien vs. native plants, thereby changing their coexistence patterns; however, the effect of soil nitrogen on the interspecific relationship between alien plants is currently unclear. We conducted a nitrogen addition experiment in a greenhouse to explore the effect of soil nitrogen on the interspecific relationship between invasive alien weed Alternanthera philoxeroides and the noninvasive alien horticultural plant Oxalis articulata. We set three experimental factors—nitrogen treatment, planting type, and species and measured the morphology, biomass, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content, physiological traits, and photosynthetic fluorescence of the studied plant species. We then used multi-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons to examine the differences in the above indicators among treatment combinations. We found that, in mixed cultures, nitrogen addition significantly increased the root area of O . articulata by 128.489% but decreased the root length by 56.974% compared with the control, while it significantly increased the root length of A . philoxeroides by 130.026%. Nitrogen addition did not affect the biomass accumulation of these two plant species; however, the biomass and root/shoot ratio of O . articulata were significant higher than those of A . philoxeroides. Nitrogen addition significantly increased the N content of A . philoxeroides by 278.767% and decreased the C:N ratio by 66.110% in mixed cultures. Nitrogen addition caused a significant trade-off between flavonoid and anthocyanin in O . articulata , and decreased the initial fluorescence (F 0 ) and maximal fluorescence (F m ) of A . philoxeroides by 18.649 and 23.507%, respectively, in mixed cultures. These results indicate that nitrogen addition increased the N absorption and assimilation ability of A . philoxeroides in deep soil; furthermore, it significantly enhanced the advantages for O . articulata in terms of morphology, physiological plasticity, and photosynthetic efficiency. In addition, O . articulata had better individual and underground competitive advantages. Under intensified nitrogen deposition, the biotic replacement effect of O . articulata on A . philoxeroides in natural ecosystems could be further enhanced.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen addition increased O . articulata root area by 128.489% in mixed cultures.
- Taxon
- O . articulata
_Oxalis_articulata_-_Flowers.jpg?width=60)
Oxalis articulatae0 - Treatment
- nitrogen additione0
- Interactor
- A . philoxeroides
Alternanthera philoxeroidese0t0weed - Outcome
- root areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 128.489%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- mixed culturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Oxalis_articulata_-_Flowers.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“We found that, in mixed cultures, nitrogen addition significantly increased the root area of O . articulata by 128.489% but decreased the root length by 56.974% compared with the control, while it significantly increased the root length of A . philoxeroides by 130.026%.”
t0“noninvasive alien plant species to Alternanthera philoxeroides invasion”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen addition decreased O . articulata root length by 56.974% in mixed cultures.
- Taxon
- O . articulataOxalis articulatae0
- Treatment
- nitrogen additione0
- Interactor
- A . philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidese0t0weed
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 56.974%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- mixed culturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We found that, in mixed cultures, nitrogen addition significantly increased the root area of O . articulata by 128.489% but decreased the root length by 56.974% compared with the control, while it significantly increased the root length of A . philoxeroides by 130.026%.”
t0“noninvasive alien plant species to Alternanthera philoxeroides invasion”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen addition increased A . philoxeroides root length by 130.026% in mixed cultures.
- Taxon
- A . philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidese0
- Treatment
- nitrogen additione0
- Interactor
- O . articulataOxalis articulatae0t0weed
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 130.026%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- mixed culturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We found that, in mixed cultures, nitrogen addition significantly increased the root area of O . articulata by 128.489% but decreased the root length by 56.974% compared with the control, while it significantly increased the root length of A . philoxeroides by 130.026%.”
t0“noninvasive alien plant species to Alternanthera philoxeroides invasion”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen addition did not affect biomass accumulation in the two species.
- Taxon
- O . articulataOxalis articulatae0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen additione0
- Interactor
- A . philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidese0weedt0
- Outcome
- biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen addition did not affect the biomass accumulation of these two plant species; however, the biomass and root/shoot ratio of O . articulata were significant higher than those of A . philoxeroides.”
t0“Alternanthera philoxeroides”
Claim · model-written summary
O. articulata had higher biomass and root/shoot ratio than A. philoxeroides.
- Taxon
- O . articulataOxalis articulatae0
- Interactor
- A . philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidese0weedt0
- Outcome
- biomass and root/shoot ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- A . philoxeroidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen addition did not affect the biomass accumulation of these two plant species; however, the biomass and root/shoot ratio of O . articulata were significant higher than those of A . philoxeroides.”
t0“Alternanthera philoxeroides”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen addition increased N content of A. philoxeroides by 278.767%.
- Taxon
- A . philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidese0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen additione0
- Outcome
- N contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 278.767%e0
- Setting
- mixed culturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen addition significantly increased the N content of A . philoxeroides by 278.767% and decreased the C:N ratio by 66.110% in mixed cultures.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen addition decreased C:N ratio of A. philoxeroides by 66.110%.
- Taxon
- A . philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidese0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen additione0
- Outcome
- C:N ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 66.110%e0
- Setting
- mixed culturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen addition significantly increased the N content of A . philoxeroides by 278.767% and decreased the C:N ratio by 66.110% in mixed cultures.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen addition caused a flavonoid–anthocyanin trade-off in O. articulata.
- Taxon
- O . articulataOxalis articulatae0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen additione0
- Outcome
- trade-off between flavonoid and anthocyanine0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen addition caused a significant trade-off between flavonoid and anthocyanin in O . articulata , and decreased the initial fluorescence (F 0 ) and maximal fluorescence (F m ) of A . philoxeroides by 18.649 and 23.507%, respectively, in mixed cultures.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen addition decreased initial fluorescence (F 0 ) of A. philoxeroides by 18.649.
- Taxon
- A . philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidese0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen additione0
- Outcome
- initial fluorescence (F 0 )e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 18.649e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen addition caused a significant trade-off between flavonoid and anthocyanin in O . articulata , and decreased the initial fluorescence (F 0 ) and maximal fluorescence (F m ) of A . philoxeroides by 18.649 and 23.507%, respectively, in mixed cultures.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen addition decreased maximal fluorescence (F m ) of A. philoxeroides by 23.507%.
- Taxon
- A . philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidese0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen additione0
- Outcome
- maximal fluorescence (F m )e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 23.507%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen addition caused a significant trade-off between flavonoid and anthocyanin in O . articulata , and decreased the initial fluorescence (F 0 ) and maximal fluorescence (F m ) of A . philoxeroides by 18.649 and 23.507%, respectively, in mixed cultures.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen addition increased deep-soil nitrogen absorption and assimilation by A. philoxeroides.
- Taxon
- A . philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidese0
- Outcome
- N absorption and assimilation abilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results indicate that nitrogen addition increased the N absorption and assimilation ability of A . philoxeroides in deep soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen addition enhanced morphological, physiological and photosynthetic advantages of O. articulata.
- Taxon
- O . articulataOxalis articulatae0
- Outcome
- advantagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it significantly enhanced the advantages for O . articulata in terms of morphology, physiological plasticity, and photosynthetic efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
O. articulata had better individual and underground competitive advantages.
- Taxon
- O . articulataOxalis articulatae0
- Outcome
- individual and underground competitive advantagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“O . articulata had better individual and underground competitive advantages.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater nitrogen deposition could enhance replacement of A. philoxeroides by O. articulata.
- Taxon
- O . articulataOxalis articulatae0
- Outcome
- biotic replacement effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under intensified nitrogen deposition, the biotic replacement effect of O . articulata on A . philoxeroides in natural ecosystems could be further enhanced.”