Abstract
The combined use of chemical insecticides with fungicides and fertilizers in a single application is a promising pest-control option to maximise productivity and minimize labour efficiency. Studies were conducted to assess the compatibility of systemic insecticide, carbosulfan 25 EC with a fungicide, micronutrient and insecticide in brinjal ecosystem. The optimum and effective dose of carbosulfan (250 g a.i.ha-1) was compatible with other agro chemicals used in combination viz., copper oxy chloride 50 WP @500 g a.i.ha-1, zinc sulphate 0.5 per cent and dimethoate 30 EC @ 300 g a.i.ha-1, without any creaming matter and/or sediment formation in any of the combinations. The tank mix foliar application of the combination chemicals viz., carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + copper oxy chloride 50 WP @ 500 g a.i.ha-1, carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + zinc sulphate 0.5 per cent and carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + dimethoate @ 300 g a.i.ha-1 did not inflict any phytotoxic effect on the treatment imposed plants and a mean grade of ‘1’ (0-10% injury) was awarded to all the treated plants in the brinjal ecosystem. The bioefficacy trials after two rounds of spraying with carbosulfan and combination with fertilizer and fungicides revealed that maximum per cent reduction is noticed in insecticide combination (carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + dimethoate @ 300 g a.i.ha-1) as well as recommended and four times the dose of carbosulfan (250 and 1000 g a.i.ha-1), which similarly effects in managing the shoot and fruit damage caused by the shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis. The treatments with fertilizer and fungicides alone marked the least reduction in fruit and shoot damage. The yield of brinjal ranged from 24.1to 28.7 t ha-1 in different treatments. Plots treated with carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + dimethoate @ 300 g a.i.ha-1recorded the highest fruit yield (28.7 t ha-1) followed by carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + copper oxy chloride @ 500 g a.i.ha-1 (28.3 t ha-1) and carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1+ zinc sulphate (27.8 t ha-1). The current findings states that carbosulfan in combination with other agrochemicals have given better results in terms of phytotoxicity, bioefficacy and yield.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Carbosulfan was compatible with copper oxy chloride without creaming or sediment.
- Taxon
- brinjal
Solanum melongenat0 - Treatment
- carbosulfan (250 g a.i.ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- without any creaming matter and/or sediment formatione0
- Comparator
- copper oxy chloride 50 WP @500 g a.i.ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbosulfan (250 g a.i.ha-1) was compatible with other agro chemicals used in combination viz., copper oxy chloride 50 WP @500 g a.i.ha-1, zinc sulphate 0.5 per cent and dimethoate 30 EC @ 300 g a.i.ha-1, without any creaming matter and/or sediment formation in any of the combinations.”
t0“brinjal ecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbosulfan was compatible with zinc sulphate without creaming or sediment.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- carbosulfan (250 g a.i.ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- without any creaming matter and/or sediment formatione0
- Comparator
- zinc sulphate 0.5 per cente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbosulfan (250 g a.i.ha-1) was compatible with other agro chemicals used in combination viz., copper oxy chloride 50 WP @500 g a.i.ha-1, zinc sulphate 0.5 per cent and dimethoate 30 EC @ 300 g a.i.ha-1, without any creaming matter and/or sediment formation in any of the combinations.”
t0“brinjal ecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbosulfan was compatible with dimethoate without creaming or sediment.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- carbosulfan (250 g a.i.ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- without any creaming matter and/or sediment formatione0
- Comparator
- dimethoate 30 EC @ 300 g a.i.ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbosulfan (250 g a.i.ha-1) was compatible with other agro chemicals used in combination viz., copper oxy chloride 50 WP @500 g a.i.ha-1, zinc sulphate 0.5 per cent and dimethoate 30 EC @ 300 g a.i.ha-1, without any creaming matter and/or sediment formation in any of the combinations.”
t0“brinjal ecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbosulfan plus copper oxy chloride caused only grade 1 injury.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + copper oxy chloride 50 WP @ 500 g a.i.ha-1e0
- Outcome
- phytotoxic effecte0
- Direction
- did not inflicte0
- Value
- 0-10% injurye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + copper oxy chloride 50 WP @ 500 g a.i.ha-1, carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + zinc sulphate 0.5 per cent and carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + dimethoate @ 300 g a.i.ha-1 did not inflict any phytotoxic effect on the treatment imposed plants and a mean grade of ‘1’ (0-10% injury) was awarded to all the treated plants in the brinjal ecosystem.”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbosulfan plus zinc sulphate caused only grade 1 injury.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + zinc sulphate 0.5 per cente0
- Outcome
- phytotoxic effecte0
- Direction
- did not inflicte0
- Value
- 0-10% injurye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + zinc sulphate 0.5 per cent and carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + dimethoate @ 300 g a.i.ha-1 did not inflict any phytotoxic effect on the treatment imposed plants and a mean grade of ‘1’ (0-10% injury) was awarded to all the treated plants in the brinjal ecosystem.”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbosulfan plus dimethoate caused only grade 1 injury.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + dimethoate @ 300 g a.i.ha-1e0
- Outcome
- phytotoxic effecte0
- Direction
- did not inflicte0
- Value
- 0-10% injurye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + dimethoate @ 300 g a.i.ha-1 did not inflict any phytotoxic effect on the treatment imposed plants and a mean grade of ‘1’ (0-10% injury) was awarded to all the treated plants in the brinjal ecosystem.”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbosulfan plus dimethoate produced maximum reduction in borer shoot and fruit damage.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + dimethoate @ 300 g a.i.ha-1e0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes orbonalis
Leucinodes orbonalise0pest - Outcome
- shoot and fruit damagee0
- Direction
- maximum per cent reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum per cent reduction is noticed in insecticide combination (carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + dimethoate @ 300 g a.i.ha-1) as well as recommended and four times the dose of carbosulfan (250 and 1000 g a.i.ha-1), which similarly effects in managing the shoot and fruit damage caused by the shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis.”
t0“brinjal ecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbosulfan at recommended dose gave maximum borer damage reduction.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- 250e0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes orbonalisLeucinodes orbonalise0pest
- Outcome
- shoot and fruit damagee0
- Direction
- maximum per cent reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum per cent reduction is noticed in insecticide combination (carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + dimethoate @ 300 g a.i.ha-1) as well as recommended and four times the dose of carbosulfan (250 and 1000 g a.i.ha-1), which similarly effects in managing the shoot and fruit damage caused by the shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis.”
t0“brinjal ecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbosulfan at four times dose gave maximum borer damage reduction.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- 1000 g a.i.ha-1e0
- Interactor
- Leucinodes orbonalisLeucinodes orbonalise0pest
- Outcome
- shoot and fruit damagee0
- Direction
- maximum per cent reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum per cent reduction is noticed in insecticide combination (carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + dimethoate @ 300 g a.i.ha-1) as well as recommended and four times the dose of carbosulfan (250 and 1000 g a.i.ha-1), which similarly effects in managing the shoot and fruit damage caused by the shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis.”
t0“brinjal ecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer and fungicide only treatments gave the least damage reduction.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- fertilizer and fungicides alonee0
- Outcome
- fruit and shoot damagee0
- Direction
- least reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments with fertilizer and fungicides alone marked the least reduction in fruit and shoot damage.”
t0“brinjal ecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
Brinjal yield across treatments ranged 24.1 to 28.7 t ha-1.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Value
- 24.1to 28.7 t ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of brinjal ranged from 24.1to 28.7 t ha-1 in different treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbosulfan plus dimethoate gave the highest fruit yield, 28.7 t ha-1.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + dimethoate @ 300 g a.i.ha-1e0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 28.7 t ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plots treated with carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + dimethoate @ 300 g a.i.ha-1recorded the highest fruit yield (28.7 t ha-1) followed by carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + copper oxy chloride @ 500 g a.i.ha-1 (28.3 t ha-1) and carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1+ zinc sulphate (27.8 t ha-1).”
t0“brinjal ecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbosulfan plus copper oxy chloride yielded 28.3 t ha-1.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + copper oxy chloride @ 500 g a.i.ha-1e0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- followed bye0
- Value
- 28.3 t ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plots treated with carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + dimethoate @ 300 g a.i.ha-1recorded the highest fruit yield (28.7 t ha-1) followed by carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + copper oxy chloride @ 500 g a.i.ha-1 (28.3 t ha-1) and carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1+ zinc sulphate (27.8 t ha-1).”
t0“brinjal ecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbosulfan plus zinc sulphate yielded 27.8 t ha-1.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1+ zinc sulphatee0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Value
- 27.8 t ha-1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plots treated with carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + dimethoate @ 300 g a.i.ha-1recorded the highest fruit yield (28.7 t ha-1) followed by carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + copper oxy chloride @ 500 g a.i.ha-1 (28.3 t ha-1) and carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1+ zinc sulphate (27.8 t ha-1).”
t0“brinjal ecosystem”
The same questions in other papers
dimethoate · yield · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
copper atom · yield · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
dimethoate · Leucinodes orbonalis · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
carbosulfan · crop injury · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
carbosulfan · Leucinodes orbonalis · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
carbosulfan · yield · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →zinc sulfate · yield · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →fungicide · pest · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.