Abstract
Meloidogyne enterolobii is one of the most virulent root-knot nematodes (RKNs). Aspergillus tubingensis Raoul Mosseray, 1934, is used to produce bioactive substances, enzymes, and secondary metabolites. However, no research has been conducted yet on the efficacy of A. tubingensis against plant-parasitic nematodes. Thus, the novel research was planned to evaluate the biocontrol efficacy of A. tubingensis fermentation against M. enterolobii. The findings showed that egg hatching inhibition and mortality of M. enterolobii increased with increasing concentration of fermentation and exposure time. The maximum second-stage juveniles (J2s) mortality was achieved via 100% fermentation at 72 h. Similarly, 100% fermentation inhibited 99.9% of egg hatching at 8 d. A. tubingensis fermentation increased plant biomass, decreased second-stage juvenile invasion, and inhibited nematode development and reproduction in greenhouse conditions. A. tubingensis reduced J2 invasion into tomato roots by 42.84% with CS+ (coated seeds plants with nematodes inoculum) and 27.04% with T+ (100% fermentation broth and nematodes inoculum both) treatments. Moreover, CS+ and T+ treatments decreased nematode development by 54.31% and 21.48%, respectively. It is concluded that the A. tubingensis GX3 strain can be used as a novel microbial biocontrol agent against M. enterolobii.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode egg hatching inhibition and mortality increased with fermentation concentration and exposure time.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0t0e1e2 - Interactor
- M. enterolobii
_5384315.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne enterolobiie0t0e1e2pathogen
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_5384315.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“egg hatching inhibition and mortality of M. enterolobii increased with increasing concentration of fermentation and exposure time”
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e1“A. tubingensis reduced J2 invasion into tomato roots by 42.84% with CS+”
e2“Meloidogyne enterolobii”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum juvenile mortality occurred with 100% fermentation at 72 h.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0t0e1e2
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne enterolobiiMeloidogyne enterolobiie0t0e1e2pathogen
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum second-stage juveniles (J2s) mortality was achieved via 100% fermentation at 72 h”
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e1“A. tubingensis reduced J2 invasion into tomato roots by 42.84% with CS+”
e2“Meloidogyne enterolobii”
Claim · model-written summary
At eight days, 100% fermentation inhibited 99.9% of egg hatching.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0t0e1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% fermentation inhibited 99.9% of egg hatching at 8 d”
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e1“A. tubingensis reduced J2 invasion into tomato roots by 42.84% with CS+”
e2“Meloidogyne enterolobii”
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus fermentation increased tomato plant biomass in greenhouse conditions.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0t0e1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. tubingensis fermentation increased plant biomass, decreased second-stage juvenile invasion, and inhibited nematode development and reproduction in greenhouse conditions”
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e1“A. tubingensis reduced J2 invasion into tomato roots by 42.84% with CS+”
e2“Meloidogyne enterolobii”
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus fermentation decreased juvenile invasion in greenhouse conditions.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0t0e1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. tubingensis fermentation increased plant biomass, decreased second-stage juvenile invasion, and inhibited nematode development and reproduction in greenhouse conditions”
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e1“A. tubingensis reduced J2 invasion into tomato roots by 42.84% with CS+”
e2“Meloidogyne enterolobii”
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus fermentation inhibited nematode development and reproduction.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0t0e1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. tubingensis fermentation increased plant biomass, decreased second-stage juvenile invasion, and inhibited nematode development and reproduction in greenhouse conditions”
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e1“A. tubingensis reduced J2 invasion into tomato roots by 42.84% with CS+”
e2“Meloidogyne enterolobii”
Claim · model-written summary
CS+ reduced juvenile invasion into tomato roots by 42.84%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0t0e1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. tubingensis reduced J2 invasion into tomato roots by 42.84% with CS+”
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e1“A. tubingensis reduced J2 invasion into tomato roots by 42.84% with CS+”
e2“Meloidogyne enterolobii”
Claim · model-written summary
T+ reduced juvenile invasion into tomato roots by 27.04%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0t0e1e2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“27.04% with T+ (100% fermentation broth and nematodes inoculum both) treatments”
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e1“A. tubingensis reduced J2 invasion into tomato roots by 42.84% with CS+”
e2“Meloidogyne enterolobii”
Claim · model-written summary
CS+ decreased nematode development by 54.31%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0t0e1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CS+ and T+ treatments decreased nematode development by 54.31% and 21.48%, respectively”
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e1“A. tubingensis reduced J2 invasion into tomato roots by 42.84% with CS+”
e2“Meloidogyne enterolobii”
Claim · model-written summary
T+ decreased nematode development by 21.48%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0t0e1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CS+ and T+ treatments decreased nematode development by 54.31% and 21.48%, respectively”
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e1“A. tubingensis reduced J2 invasion into tomato roots by 42.84% with CS+”
e2“Meloidogyne enterolobii”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose A. tubingensis GX3 as a biocontrol agent against M. enterolobii.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0t0e1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. tubingensis GX3 strain can be used as a novel microbial biocontrol agent against M. enterolobii”
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e1“A. tubingensis reduced J2 invasion into tomato roots by 42.84% with CS+”
e2“Meloidogyne enterolobii”
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