Abstract
Cold storage is widely used to extend the postharvest life of most horticultural crops, including tomatoes, but this practice triggers cold stress and leads to the development of undesirable chilling injury (CI) symptoms. The underlying mechanisms of cold stress response and CI development in fruits remain unclear as they are often intermingled with fruit ripening changes. To gain insight into cold responses in fruits, we examined the effect of the potent ethylene signaling inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on fruit ripening, CI occurrence and gene expression in mature green tomatoes during storage at 20°C and 5°C. 1-MCP treatments effectively inhibited ethylene production and peel color changes during storage at 20°C. Storage at 5°C also inhibited both ethylene production and peel color change; during rewarming at 20°C, 1-MCP treatments inhibited peel color change but failed to inhibit ethylene production. Furthermore, fruits stored at 5°C for 14 d developed CI symptoms (surface pitting and decay) during the rewarming period at 20°C regardless of 1-MCP treatment. Subsequent RNA-Seq analysis revealed that cold stress triggers a large-scale transcriptomic adjustment, as noticeably more genes were differentially expressed at 5°C (8,406) than at 20°C (4,814). More importantly, we have found some important divergences among genes involved in fruit ripening (up- or down-regulated at 20°C; inhibited by 1-MCP treatment) and those involved in cold stress (up- or down-regulated at 5°C; unaffected by 1-MCP treatment). Transcriptomic adjustments unique to cold stress response were associated with ribosome biogenesis, NcRNA metabolism, DNA methylation, chromatin formation/remodeling, and alternative splicing events. These data should foster further research into cold stress response mechanisms in fruits with the ultimate aim of improving tolerance to low temperature and reduction of CI symptoms during cold storage.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP inhibited tomato fruit ethylene production during storage at 20°C.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- 1-MCP treatmentse0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Setting
- 20°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1-MCP treatments effectively inhibited ethylene production and peel color changes during storage at 20°C”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP inhibited tomato fruit peel color changes during storage at 20°C.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP treatmentse0
- Outcome
- peel color changese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Setting
- 20°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1-MCP treatments effectively inhibited ethylene production and peel color changes during storage at 20°C”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage at 5°C inhibited tomato ethylene production.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Storage at 5°Ce0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Storage at 5°C also inhibited both ethylene production and peel color change”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage at 5°C inhibited tomato peel color change.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Storage at 5°Ce0
- Outcome
- peel color changee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Storage at 5°C also inhibited both ethylene production and peel color change”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
During rewarming, 1-MCP inhibited tomato peel color change.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP treatmentse0
- Outcome
- peel color changee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Setting
- 20°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“during rewarming at 20°C, 1-MCP treatments inhibited peel color change”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
During rewarming, 1-MCP failed to inhibit tomato ethylene production.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP treatmentse0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- failed to inhibite0
- Setting
- 20°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“during rewarming at 20°C, 1-MCP treatments inhibited peel color change but failed to inhibit ethylene production”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato fruit stored at 5°C for 14 days developed chilling injury during rewarming regardless of 1-MCP.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP treatmente0
- Outcome
- CI symptoms (surface pitting and decay)e0
- Qualifier
- stored at 5°C for 14 de0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruits stored at 5°C for 14 d developed CI symptoms (surface pitting and decay) during the rewarming period at 20°C regardless of 1-MCP treatment”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
More tomato genes were differentially expressed at 5°C, 8,406, than at 20°C, 4,814.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- genes were differentially expressede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 8,406e0
- Qualifier
- 4,814e0
- Comparator
- 20°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more genes were differentially expressed at 5°C (8,406) than at 20°C (4,814)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato ripening genes regulated at 20°C were inhibited by 1-MCP, whereas cold-stress genes regulated at 5°C were unaffected.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP treatmente0
- Outcome
- genes involved in fruit ripeninge0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- those involved in cold stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genes involved in fruit ripening (up- or down-regulated at 20°C; inhibited by 1-MCP treatment) and those involved in cold stress (up- or down-regulated at 5°C; unaffected by 1-MCP treatment)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold-specific transcriptomic changes were associated with ribosome biogenesis, NcRNA metabolism and DNA methylation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- cold stress responsee0
- Outcome
- Transcriptomic adjustments unique to cold stress responsee0
- Qualifier
- ribosome biogenesis, NcRNA metabolism, DNA methylatione0
Not reportedOrgan / stageDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcriptomic adjustments unique to cold stress response were associated with ribosome biogenesis, NcRNA metabolism, DNA methylation, chromatin formation/remodeling, and alternative splicing events”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold-specific transcriptomic changes were associated with chromatin remodeling and alternative splicing.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- cold stress responsee0
- Outcome
- Transcriptomic adjustments unique to cold stress responsee0
- Qualifier
- chromatin formation/remodeling, and alternative splicing eventse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcriptomic adjustments unique to cold stress response were associated with ribosome biogenesis, NcRNA metabolism, DNA methylation, chromatin formation/remodeling, and alternative splicing events”
t0“tomato”
The same questions in other papers
1-methylcyclopropene · physiology: hormones · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →1-methylcyclopropene · quality: postharvest · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
52 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
49 papers more in this group
See all 53 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.