Abstract
The natural resources of agricultural lands in Egypt are exposed to many problems due to the application of improper management as well as climatic changes. The exogenous application of Glycine betaine (GB) and proline is a convenient method for the induction of crop tolerance to various abiotic stresses.Olinda Valencia orange trees (Citrus sinensis) (C.sinensis L.) budded on Volkamer lemon rootstock (Citrus Volkameriana) Tan. andPasq. were grown in soil influenced by salinity (where EC was 3.64 ds/m) at El Bustan County, El Behera Governorate, Egypt were used under study. Trees were sprayed with proline and (GB) twice (at full bloom stage and two weeks later) during the two seasons (2020 and 2021). The experiment included seven treatments as follow: proline at (100, 200 and 300 ppm), Glycine betaine (GB) at (1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm), and untreated trees (salt stress). Results indicated that, exogenous application of proline at 300ppm and (GB) at 2000ppm increased the trees tolerance to the adverse effects of salinity and achieved the best results (increased the concentrations of leaf total chlorophyll, leaf mineral content) especially the ratio between K+ and Na+ (where, lower Na+ is a good indicator of salt tolerance in plants), improved fruit quality and consequently increased the averages of yield for the two seasons than the control by 33.4% and 30.6%, respectively .Based on the economic study, it can be recommended to use proline at a rate of 300 ppm to give the highest net profit/fed. (6986 L.E), followed by GB at 2000 ppm (5720 L.E) in descending order, where these treatments mitigated the inhibitory effects of salinity and promoted plant growth, as well as increasing the yield of the final crop.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Proline at 300ppm increased leaf total chlorophyll and mineral content and improved fruit quality relative to untreated trees.
- Taxon
- Valencia Orange Trees
Citrus sinensist0 - Treatment
- proline at 300ppme0
- Outcome
- leaf total chlorophyll, leaf mineral contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated treese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous application of proline at 300ppm and (GB) at 2000ppm increased the trees tolerance to the adverse effects of salinity and achieved the best results (increased the concentrations of leaf total chlorophyll, leaf mineral content) especially the ratio between K+ and Na+ (where, lower Na+ is a good indicator of salt tolerance in plants), improved fruit quality”
e1“untreated trees (salt stress)”
t0“Valencia Orange Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine at 2000ppm increased leaf total chlorophyll and mineral content relative to untreated trees.
- Taxon
- Valencia Orange TreesCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- (GB) at 2000ppme0
- Outcome
- leaf total chlorophyll, leaf mineral contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated treese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proline at 300ppm and (GB) at 2000ppm increased the trees tolerance to the adverse effects of salinity and achieved the best results (increased the concentrations of leaf total chlorophyll, leaf mineral content)”
e1“untreated trees (salt stress)”
t0“Valencia Orange Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline at 300ppm increased two-season average yield by 33.4% versus the control.
- Taxon
- Valencia Orange TreesCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- proline at 300ppme0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 33.4%e1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proline at 300ppm and (GB) at 2000ppm”
e1“increased the averages of yield for the two seasons than the control by 33.4% and 30.6%, respectively”
t0“Valencia Orange Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine at 2000ppm increased two-season average yield by 30.6% versus the control.
- Taxon
- Valencia Orange TreesCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- (GB) at 2000ppme0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 30.6%e1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proline at 300ppm and (GB) at 2000ppm”
e1“increased the averages of yield for the two seasons than the control by 33.4% and 30.6%, respectively”
t0“Valencia Orange Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend proline at 300 ppm for the highest net profit of 6986 L.E per feddan.
- Taxon
- Valencia Orange TreesCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- proline at a rate of 300 ppme0
- Outcome
- highest net profit/fed.e0
- Value
- 6986 L.Ee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it can be recommended to use proline at a rate of 300 ppm to give the highest net profit/fed. (6986 L.E)”
t0“Valencia Orange Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine at 2000 ppm gave a net profit of 5720 L.E per feddan, second to proline.
- Taxon
- Valencia Orange TreesCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- GB at 2000 ppme0
- Outcome
- net profit/fed.e1
- Value
- 5720 L.Ee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by GB at 2000 ppm (5720 L.E) in descending order”
e1“highest net profit/fed. (6986 L.E)”
t0“Valencia Orange Trees”
The same questions in other papers
glycine betaine · physiology: pigments · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Results agree
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- positive
glycine betaine · yield · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
proline · yield · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.