Abstract
Abstract To investigate the impact of planting distance and zinc foliar fertilization on soybean growth, a field experiment was conducted in the summer of 2022 at the Hamidiyah research station of the College of Agriculture at the University of Anbar. The experiment was set up in a Split Plot R.C.B.D with three replicates. Four concentrations of zinc (0, 25, 50 and 75 mg Zn l −1 ), allocated to the main plots, whereas the planting distances (7, 14, 21, and 28 cm) between plants were allocated to the sub-plots which gave plant densities of 190,000, 95555, 63333 and 47777 plants ha −1 , respectively. The planting distances between plants significantly affected the vegetative growth characteristics, as the distance of 7 cm (high density) was outperformed in plant height (116.11 cm) and the height of the first pod from the soil surface (29.25 cm). While the distance of 28 cm (low density) recorded the highest average for number of branches (8.67 branch plant −1 ), leaf area (53.66 dm 2 plant −1) , chlorophyll content of leaves (5.29 mg g −1 fresh weight), and the dry weight of the plant (410 g plant −1 ). With regards to plant development, a 75 mg L −1 zinc solution was the most effective. Plant height (106.78 cm), number of branches (8.67 branch plant −1 ), leaf area (5836 dm 2 plant −1 ), chlorophyll content (5.06 mg gm −1 fresh weight), first height Pod from the surface of the earth (30.46 cm), and dry weight were the best averages (455.8 g plant −1 ). The plant’s height and the height of the first pod above the surface of the soil interacted significantly with a concentration of 75 mg L −1 at a distance of 7 cm, while the highest mean for the plant’s number of branches, leaf area, chlorophyll content, and dry weight was found at a distance of 28 cm under the same conditions.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
At 7 cm spacing, soybean plant height had the highest reported value of 116.11 cm.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- distance of 7 cme0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- outperformede0
- Value
- 116.11 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Crop”
e0“the distance of 7 cm (high density) was outperformed in plant height (116.11 cm) and the height of the first pod from the soil surface (29.25 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 7 cm spacing, soybean first pod height was 29.25 cm.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- distance of 7 cme0
- Outcome
- height of the first pod from the soil surfacee0
- Direction
- outperformede0
- Value
- 29.25 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Crop”
e0“the distance of 7 cm (high density) was outperformed in plant height (116.11 cm) and the height of the first pod from the soil surface (29.25 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 28 cm spacing, soybean branch number was highest at 8.67 per plant.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- distance of 28 cme0
- Outcome
- number of branchese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 8.67 branch plant −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Crop”
e0“the distance of 28 cm (low density) recorded the highest average for number of branches (8.67 branch plant −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
At 28 cm spacing, soybean leaf area was highest at 53.66 dm 2 per plant.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- distance of 28 cme0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 53.66 dm 2 plant −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Crop”
e0“the distance of 28 cm (low density) recorded the highest average for number of branches (8.67 branch plant −1 ), leaf area (53.66 dm 2 plant −1)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 28 cm spacing, soybean leaf chlorophyll content was highest at 5.29 mg per gram fresh weight.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- distance of 28 cme0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content of leavese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.29 mg g −1 fresh weighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Crop”
e0“the distance of 28 cm (low density) recorded the highest average for number of branches (8.67 branch plant −1 ), leaf area (53.66 dm 2 plant −1) , chlorophyll content of leaves (5.29 mg g −1 fresh weight)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 28 cm spacing, soybean plant dry weight was highest at 410 g per plant.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- distance of 28 cme0
- Outcome
- dry weight of the plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 410 g plant −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Crop”
e0“the distance of 28 cm (low density) recorded the highest average for number of branches (8.67 branch plant −1 ), leaf area (53.66 dm 2 plant −1) , chlorophyll content of leaves (5.29 mg g −1 fresh weight), and the dry weight of the plant (410 g plant −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc at 75 mg L −1 gave the best soybean plant height average of 106.78 cm.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 75 mg L −1 zinc solutione0
- Outcome
- Plant heighte0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 106.78 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Crop”
e0“a 75 mg L −1 zinc solution was the most effective. Plant height (106.78 cm), number of branches (8.67 branch plant −1 ), leaf area (5836 dm 2 plant −1 ), chlorophyll content (5.06 mg gm −1 fresh weight), first height Pod from the surface of the earth (30.46 cm), and dry weight were the best averages (455.8 g plant −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc at 75 mg L −1 gave the best soybean branch number average of 8.67 per plant.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 75 mg L −1 zinc solutione0
- Outcome
- number of branchese0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 8.67 branch plant −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Crop”
e0“a 75 mg L −1 zinc solution was the most effective. Plant height (106.78 cm), number of branches (8.67 branch plant −1 ), leaf area (5836 dm 2 plant −1 ), chlorophyll content (5.06 mg gm −1 fresh weight), first height Pod from the surface of the earth (30.46 cm), and dry weight were the best averages (455.8 g plant −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc at 75 mg L −1 gave the best soybean leaf area average of 5836 dm 2 per plant.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 75 mg L −1 zinc solutione0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 5836 dm 2 plant −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Crop”
e0“a 75 mg L −1 zinc solution was the most effective. Plant height (106.78 cm), number of branches (8.67 branch plant −1 ), leaf area (5836 dm 2 plant −1 ), chlorophyll content (5.06 mg gm −1 fresh weight), first height Pod from the surface of the earth (30.46 cm), and dry weight were the best averages (455.8 g plant −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc at 75 mg L −1 gave the best soybean chlorophyll content average of 5.06 mg per gram fresh weight.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 75 mg L −1 zinc solutione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 5.06 mg gm −1 fresh weighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Crop”
e0“a 75 mg L −1 zinc solution was the most effective. Plant height (106.78 cm), number of branches (8.67 branch plant −1 ), leaf area (5836 dm 2 plant −1 ), chlorophyll content (5.06 mg gm −1 fresh weight), first height Pod from the surface of the earth (30.46 cm), and dry weight were the best averages (455.8 g plant −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc at 75 mg L −1 gave the best soybean first pod height average of 30.46 cm.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 75 mg L −1 zinc solutione0
- Outcome
- first height Pod from the surface of the earthe0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 30.46 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Crop”
e0“a 75 mg L −1 zinc solution was the most effective. Plant height (106.78 cm), number of branches (8.67 branch plant −1 ), leaf area (5836 dm 2 plant −1 ), chlorophyll content (5.06 mg gm −1 fresh weight), first height Pod from the surface of the earth (30.46 cm), and dry weight were the best averages (455.8 g plant −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc at 75 mg L −1 gave the best soybean dry weight average of 455.8 g per plant.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 75 mg L −1 zinc solutione0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 455.8 g plant −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Crop”
e0“a 75 mg L −1 zinc solution was the most effective. Plant height (106.78 cm), number of branches (8.67 branch plant −1 ), leaf area (5836 dm 2 plant −1 ), chlorophyll content (5.06 mg gm −1 fresh weight), first height Pod from the surface of the earth (30.46 cm), and dry weight were the best averages (455.8 g plant −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
At 75 mg L −1 zinc and 7 cm spacing, plant height and first pod height had significant interactions.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- concentration of 75 mg L −1 at a distance of 7 cme0
- Outcome
- plant’s height and the height of the first pod above the surface of the soile0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Crop”
e0“The plant’s height and the height of the first pod above the surface of the soil interacted significantly with a concentration of 75 mg L −1 at a distance of 7 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
At 75 mg L −1 zinc and 28 cm spacing, branch number, leaf area and chlorophyll content were highest.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- distance of 28 cme0
- Outcome
- plant’s number of branches, leaf area, chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- concentration of 75 mg L −1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Crop”
e0“the highest mean for the plant’s number of branches, leaf area, chlorophyll content, and dry weight was found at a distance of 28 cm under the same conditions”
e1“with a concentration of 75 mg L −1 at a distance of 7 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
At 75 mg L −1 zinc and 28 cm spacing, soybean dry weight was highest.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- distance of 28 cme0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- concentration of 75 mg L −1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Crop”
e0“the highest mean for the plant’s number of branches, leaf area, chlorophyll content, and dry weight was found at a distance of 28 cm under the same conditions”
e1“with a concentration of 75 mg L −1 at a distance of 7 cm”
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