Abstract
The resultant DNA from loss-of-function mutation can be recruited in biological evolution and development. Here, we present such a rare and potential case of "to gain by loss" as a neomorphic mutation during soybean domestication for increasing seed weight. Using a population derived from a chromosome segment substitution line of Glycine max (SN14) and Glycine soja (ZYD06), a quantitative trait locus (QTL) of 100-seed weight (qHSW) was mapped on chromosome 11, corresponding to a truncated β-1, 3-glucosidase (βGlu) gene. The novel gene hsw results from a 14-bp deletion, causing a frameshift mutation and a premature stop codon in the βGlu. In contrast to HSW, the hsw completely lost βGlu activity and function but acquired a novel function to promote cell expansion, thus increasing seed weight. Overexpressing hsw instead of HSW produced large soybean seeds, and surprisingly, truncating hsw via gene editing further increased the seed size. We further found that the core 21-aa peptide of hsw and its variants acted as a promoter of seed size. Transcriptomic variation in these transgenic soybean lines substantiated the integration hsw into cell and seed size control. Moreover, the hsw allele underwent selection and expansion during soybean domestication and improvement. Our work cloned a likely domesticated QTL controlling soybean seed weight, revealed a novel genetic variation and mechanism in soybean domestication, and provided new insight into crop domestication and breeding, and plant evolution.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
A seed weight QTL mapped to chromosome 11 and corresponded to a truncated βGlu gene.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Gene
- qHSWe0
- Outcome
- 100-seed weighte0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a quantitative trait locus (QTL) of 100-seed weight (qHSW) was mapped on chromosome 11, corresponding to a truncated β-1, 3-glucosidase (βGlu) gene”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
A 14-bp deletion generated hsw through frameshift and premature stop.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- hswe0
- Outcome
- frameshift mutation and a premature stop codone0
- Value
- 14-bpe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The novel gene hsw results from a 14-bp deletion, causing a frameshift mutation and a premature stop codon in the βGlu”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
hsw lost βGlu activity and function relative to HSW.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast to HSW, the hsw completely lost βGlu activity and function”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
hsw acquired a function promoting cell expansion and seed weight.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- hswe0
- Outcome
- cell expansione0
- Direction
- promotee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the hsw completely lost βGlu activity and function but acquired a novel function to promote cell expansion, thus increasing seed weight”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of hsw rather than HSW produced large soybean seeds.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Overexpressing hswe0
- Gene
- hswe0
- Outcome
- large soybean seedse0
- Comparator
- HSWe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpressing hsw instead of HSW produced large soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Gene editing that truncated hsw further increased seed size.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- truncating hsw via gene editinge0
- Gene
- hswe0
- Outcome
- seed sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“truncating hsw via gene editing further increased the seed size”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The core 21-aa hsw peptide and variants promoted seed size.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- hswe0
- Outcome
- seed sizee0
- Value
- 21-aae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the core 21-aa peptide of hsw and its variants acted as a promoter of seed size”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic lines showed transcriptomic variation supporting hsw integration into cell and seed size control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- transgenic soybean linese0
- Gene
- hswe0
- Outcome
- Transcriptomic variatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcriptomic variation in these transgenic soybean lines substantiated the integration hsw into cell and seed size control”
Claim · model-written summary
The hsw allele underwent selection and expansion during soybean domestication and improvement.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- hswe0
- Outcome
- selection and expansione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the hsw allele underwent selection and expansion during soybean domestication and improvement”
t0“soybean”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- no effect
11 papers more in this group
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