Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the leading cereals in the world.It belongs to the family Gramineae and it is the world's most widely cultivated cereal crop which ranks first followed by rice.It is preferable than rice for its higher seed protein content.It ranks first both in acreage and production among the grain crops of the world (FAO, 2008).Likewise, wheat is one of the strategic crops in Ethiopia, because of its role for food security, import substitution and supply of raw material for agro-processing industry.Ethiopia is the third largest wheat producing country in Africa (EIAR, 2020).This crop is one of the major cereal crops produced by 4.6 million smallholder farmers on 1.8 million hectares of land with an estimated annual production of 5.0 million tons at an average productivity of 2.8 t/ha which has been consistently increasing for the last 25 years in the country, but much lower than the world average 3.3 t/ha (EIAR, 2020).This is due to shortage of irrigation water, in sufficient farm resources, improper use of fertilizers and due to salinity and water logging.Nitrogen (N) and water are the most common limiting factors in agricultural systems throughout the world.Similarly, wheat crop need sufficient available water and N to achieve optimum yield and adequate grain-protein content (IAEA, 2000).Wajid et al. (2002) reported that wheat crop produced highest grain yield by applying irrigation at all definable growth stages.According to (IAEA, 2000), lower economical benefits for farmer often arise from the use of sub-optimal rate of N-fertilize.On the other hand, excessive irrigation and N-fertilizer use may result in environmental problem such A B S T R A C TThe response of wheat yield to different levels of irrigation and varying amounts of nitrogen fertilizer was investigated from 2020-2022 GC at Tibila irrigation scheme.Three levels of irrigation (70, 85, and 100% ETc) and three nitrogen rates (46, 69, and 92 kg/ha) were arranged in two factorial combination in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications.Recently released bread wheat variety king-bird was used as test crop.The experimental field was divided into 27 plots with plot size of 4m x 6m dimension to accommodate five furrows with spacing of 60cm and having 6m length.From the result, it is found that, irrigation and nitrogen levels both had a considerable impact on wheat grain yield.The analysis of variance result revealed that the maximum grain yield (5.88 tha -1 ) of wheat was recorded at 92 kg/ha nitrogen rate and 100% ETc irrigation level.The minimum grain yield (3.98 tha -1 ) was obtained from 46 kg/ha nitrogen and 70% ETc irrigation treatment.Similarly, the study revealed that other yield components like plant height, spike length, number of seed per spike, productive tiller number and above ground biomass of wheat increased with the increasing rates of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation water level.Here, increasing the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer from (46-92) kgh -1 and water level from 70% ETc to full irrigation maximize yields of wheat.On the other hand, reducing water level from 100 to 85% ETc and N-fertilizer rate from 92 to 69 kg/ha was not reduce the yield significantly, rather it have water saving and economic advantage.Moreover the partial budget analysis revealed that an application of 85% ETc and 69 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer is the best treatment to obtain an optimum yield and maximum benefit cost ratio in the study area.Therefore, application of 85% ETc irrigation and 69 kg/ha nitrogen is recommended for optimum returns of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization of wheat in the area.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The highest wheat grain yield was 5.88 tha -1 with 92 kg/ha nitrogen and 100% ETc irrigation.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 92 kg/ha nitrogen rate and 100% ETc irrigation levele0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 5.88 tha -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“the maximum grain yield (5.88 tha -1 ) of wheat was recorded at 92 kg/ha nitrogen rate and 100% ETc irrigation level”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest wheat grain yield was 3.98 tha -1 with 46 kg/ha nitrogen and 70% ETc irrigation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 46 kg/ha nitrogen and 70% ETc irrigation treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 3.98 tha -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“The minimum grain yield (3.98 tha -1 ) was obtained from 46 kg/ha nitrogen and 70% ETc irrigation treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height, spike length and seeds per spike increased as nitrogen and irrigation increased.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing rates of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation water levele0
- Outcome
- plant height, spike length, number of seed per spikee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“plant height, spike length, number of seed per spike, productive tiller number and above ground biomass of wheat increased with the increasing rates of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation water level”
Claim · model-written summary
Productive tiller number and aboveground biomass increased as nitrogen and irrigation increased.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing rates of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation water levele0
- Outcome
- productive tiller number and above ground biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“productive tiller number and above ground biomass of wheat increased with the increasing rates of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation water level”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing irrigation and nitrogen did not significantly reduce wheat yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- reducing water level from 100 to 85% ETc and N-fertilizer rate from 92 to 69 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- not reducee0
- Comparator
- 100e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“reducing water level from 100 to 85% ETc and N-fertilizer rate from 92 to 69 kg/ha was not reduce the yield significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced irrigation and nitrogen had a water-saving advantage.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- reducing water level from 100 to 85% ETc and N-fertilizer rate from 92 to 69 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- water savinge0
- Direction
- savinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“reducing water level from 100 to 85% ETc and N-fertilizer rate from 92 to 69 kg/ha was not reduce the yield significantly, rather it have water saving and economic advantage”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced irrigation and nitrogen had an economic advantage.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- reducing water level from 100 to 85% ETc and N-fertilizer rate from 92 to 69 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- economic advantagee0
- Direction
- advantagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“reducing water level from 100 to 85% ETc and N-fertilizer rate from 92 to 69 kg/ha was not reduce the yield significantly, rather it have water saving and economic advantage”
Claim · model-written summary
The 85% ETc and 69 kg/ha nitrogen treatment gave optimum yield and maximum benefit cost ratio.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 85% ETc and 69 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizere0
- Outcome
- optimum yield and maximum benefit cost ratioe0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“an application of 85% ETc and 69 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer is the best treatment to obtain an optimum yield and maximum benefit cost ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 85% ETc irrigation and 69 kg/ha nitrogen for optimum returns.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- application of 85% ETc irrigation and 69 kg/ha nitrogene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“application of 85% ETc irrigation and 69 kg/ha nitrogen is recommended for optimum returns of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization of wheat”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
797 papers in the same direction as this paper · 184 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- no effect
985 papers more in this group
See all 989 papers →nitrogen · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1,736 papers in the same direction as this paper · 285 in the opposite direction · 39 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
2,057 papers more in this group
See all 2,061 papers →fertilization · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3,114 papers in the same direction as this paper · 284 in the opposite direction · 39 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
3,434 papers more in this group
See all 3,438 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.