Abstract
The world’s arable land has been contaminated by heavy metals to a large extent, which has led to the decreasing availability of farmland. Thus, the remediation of heavy metal pollution deserves due attention, and phytoremediation is preferred. Hemp has been proposed as an ideal alternative crop for remediating heavy-metal-contaminated soil, owing to its well-developed roots, large biomass, and tolerance to heavy metals. Chelators can activate heavy metals to enhance plant absorption, but they may cause stress to plant growth. Therefore, it is very important to optimize the combination of chelator and plant (cultivar) for efficacious phytoremediation. The effects of different concentrations (2, 5, 10, 15, and 25 mmol·L−1) of the chelators disodium ethylene diamine tetra-acetate (EDTA) and citric acid (CA) on the seed germination and plant growth of hemp cultivars were investigated. Triple application of increasing concentrations of EDTA or CA two days apart gradually reduced the germination potential, germination rate, radicle length, and embryonic shoot length of hemp seed, although 2 mmol·L−1 of CA could even promote seed germination. Distinct varietal differences were found in the response of hemp to chelator stress. Under the scheme of four-time uses one week apart, both chelators caused a concentration-dependent linear decrease in the plant height, stem diameter, and biomass of hemp plants, but the growth inhibition due to CA was relatively milder. This could be partially explained by the change in tested physiological indices in hemp leaf. In conclusion, 2 mmol·L−1 of CA helped with seed germination and was almost nontoxic to plant growth; cultivar BM was more tolerant to the chelators than cultivar Y1.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing EDTA reduced hemp germination potential, germination rate, radicle length and embryonic shoot length.
- Taxon
- hemp
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativae0 - Treatment
- EDTAe0
- Outcome
- germination potential, germination rate, radicle length, and embryonic shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing concentrations of EDTA or CA two days apart gradually reduced the germination potential, germination rate, radicle length, and embryonic shoot length of hemp seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing citric acid reduced hemp germination and early growth traits.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativae0
- Treatment
- CAe0
- Outcome
- germination potential, germination rate, radicle length, and embryonic shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing concentrations of EDTA or CA two days apart gradually reduced the germination potential, germination rate, radicle length, and embryonic shoot length of hemp seed”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2 mmol·L−1, CA promoted seed germination.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“2 mmol·L−1 of CA could even promote seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Hemp cultivars differed in chelator stress responses.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativae0
- Outcome
- response of hemp to chelator stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Distinct varietal differences were found in the response of hemp to chelator stress”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA caused concentration-dependent declines in hemp height, stem diameter and biomass.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativae0
- Treatment
- chelatorse0
- Outcome
- plant height, stem diameter, and biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both chelators caused a concentration-dependent linear decrease in the plant height, stem diameter, and biomass of hemp plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CA growth inhibition was milder than EDTA inhibition.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“growth inhibition due to CA was relatively milder”
Claim · model-written summary
BM was more chelator tolerant than Y1.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“cultivar BM was more tolerant to the chelators than cultivar Y1”
Claim · model-written summary
Two mmol·L−1 CA was almost nontoxic to plant growth.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“2 mmol·L−1 of CA helped with seed germination and was almost nontoxic to plant growth”
The same questions in other papers
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid · growth · Cannabis sativaPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.