Abstract
Salinity is one of the abiotic stresses that most limit the growth and development of several crops, such as rice (Oryza sativa L.). According to previous studies, two rice cultivars, São Francisco (SF) and BRS Esmeralda (ES), exhibit contrasting salt stress tolerance in which the SF cultivar is more tolerant to salt stress than the ES cultivar at the pre-tillering stage. However, metabolic adjustments induced by differential tolerance remain to be explored. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate these cultivars under 80 mM NaCl assessing primary metabolism and physiological traits in the tillering stage in a not oxygenated nutrient solution. Salinity caused a significant increase of toxic ions negatively affecting plants' growth and photosynthesis parameters in both cultivars. Salinity reduced the total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a fluorescence paraments, CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, and transpiration of both cultivars. On the other hand, carboxylation efficiency was increased only in SF cultivar. Overall, the physiological traits did not show differential tolerance to salinity in the tillering phase. Nevertheless, the metabolites modulation and activation of the GABA shunt in the SF leaves by salt stress were evident. Besides, 26 metabolites were differentially expressed in leaves and five in roots of the cultivars under salinity. Most of them were amino acids and key-sugars. In addition, glucopyranoside, lysine, ornithine, 2-aminoisobutyric, glutamine, arabitol, and 2-oxoglutaric acid were defined as potential biomarkers of salt stress in rice plants.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity caused a significant increase of toxic ions in both rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- rice plants
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Salinitye4
- Outcome
- toxic ionse4
- Direction
- increasee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stress in rice plants”
e4“Salinity caused a significant increase of toxic ions negatively affecting plants' growth and photosynthesis parameters in both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and CO2 assimilation in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- tillering stagee0
- Treatment
- 80 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a fluorescence paraments, CO2 assimilatione2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stress in rice plants”
e0“under 80 mM NaCl assessing primary metabolism and physiological traits in the tillering stage in a not oxygenated nutrient solution”
e2“Salinity reduced the total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a fluorescence paraments, CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, and transpiration of both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 80 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance, and transpiratione2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stress in rice plants”
e0“under 80 mM NaCl assessing primary metabolism and physiological traits in the tillering stage in a not oxygenated nutrient solution”
e2“Salinity reduced the total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a fluorescence paraments, CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, and transpiration of both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Carboxylation efficiency increased under salinity only in the SF cultivar.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativat0
- Material
- SF cultivare3
- Treatment
- 80 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- carboxylation efficiencye3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stress in rice plants”
e0“under 80 mM NaCl assessing primary metabolism and physiological traits in the tillering stage in a not oxygenated nutrient solution”
e3“On the other hand, carboxylation efficiency was increased only in SF cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity did not produce differential tolerance between the two cultivars in the physiological traits at the tillering phase.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- tillering phasee5
- Treatment
- salinitye5
- Outcome
- differential tolerance to salinitye5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stress in rice plants”
e5“Overall, the physiological traits did not show differential tolerance to salinity in the tillering phase”
Claim · model-written summary
Activation of the GABA shunt was evident in the SF leaves under salt stress.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativat0
- Material
- SFe6
- Organ / stage
- SF leavese6
- Treatment
- salt stresse6
- Outcome
- activation of the GABA shunte6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stress in rice plants”
e6“the metabolites modulation and activation of the GABA shunt in the SF leaves by salt stress were evident”
Claim · model-written summary
26 metabolites were differentially expressed in leaves under salinity.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese7
- Treatment
- salinitye7
- Outcome
- metabolites were differentially expressede7
- Value
- 26e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stress in rice plants”
e7“26 metabolites were differentially expressed in leaves and five in roots of the cultivars under salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Five metabolites were differentially expressed in roots under salinity.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse7
- Treatment
- salinitye7
- Outcome
- metabolites were differentially expressede7
- Value
- fivee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stress in rice plants”
e7“26 metabolites were differentially expressed in leaves and five in roots of the cultivars under salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Most differentially expressed metabolites were amino acids and key sugars.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- amino acids and key-sugarse1
- Qualifier
- Most of theme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stress in rice plants”
e1“Most of them were amino acids and key-sugars”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucopyranoside, lysine and ornithine were defined as potential biomarkers of salt stress in rice plants.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativat0
- Compound
- glucopyranoside, lysine, ornithinee1
- Outcome
- potential biomarkers of salt stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stress in rice plants”
e1“glucopyranoside, lysine, ornithine, 2-aminoisobutyric, glutamine, arabitol, and 2-oxoglutaric acid were defined as potential biomarkers of salt stress in rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
2-aminoisobutyric, glutamine and arabitol were defined as potential biomarkers of salt stress in rice plants.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativat0
- Compound
- 2-aminoisobutyric, glutamine, arabitole1
- Outcome
- potential biomarkers of salt stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stress in rice plants”
e1“glucopyranoside, lysine, ornithine, 2-aminoisobutyric, glutamine, arabitol, and 2-oxoglutaric acid were defined as potential biomarkers of salt stress in rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
2-oxoglutaric acid was defined as a potential biomarker of salt stress in rice plants.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativat0
- Compound
- 2-oxoglutaric acide1
- Outcome
- potential biomarkers of salt stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“salt stress in rice plants”
e1“glucopyranoside, lysine, ornithine, 2-aminoisobutyric, glutamine, arabitol, and 2-oxoglutaric acid were defined as potential biomarkers of salt stress in rice plants”
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