Abstract
Compound microbial fertilizer is a new type of environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizer that can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, significantly improve the ecological environment, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. In this study, we conducted a field experiment to evaluate the impact of different applications of chemical fertilizer combined with composite microbial fertilizer on soil physical properties and soybean yields at Heshan Farm, Heilongjiang Province, China, during 2021–2022. Soybean varieties “Jinyuan 55” and “Keshan 1” were treated with three treatments implemented as follows: T1 (conventional fertilization), T2 (50% N fertilizer + compound microbial fertilizer), and T3 (0 N fertilizer + compound microbial fertilizer). Compared to conventional fertilization (T1 treatment), the application of composite microbial fertilizers (T2 and T3) resulted in a decrease in soil bulk density and an increase in porosity. Notably, we observed that moderate application of the composite microbial fertilizer (T3) led to a decrease in the volume fraction of clay particles and an increase in the volume fraction of sand particles. Furthermore, all treatments exhibited high content of agglomerates larger than 5 mm at 0–20 cm. The application of composite microbial fertilizers (T2 and T3) promoted the formation of large soil agglomerates and reduced the presence of micro-agglomerates smaller than 0.25 mm. In 2021–2022, The soybean yield increased by 13.02% in the T2 treatment compared with the T1 treatment and decreased by 9.34% in the T3 treatment. We concluded that the appropriate application of compound microbial fertilizer can help protect black soil, enhance the self-repair capability of black soil, and improve soybean quality in abnormal precipitation years. These results provide an actionable basis for constructing and developing green fertilizer systems for the soybean industry.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Compound microbial fertilizer treatments decreased soil bulk density compared with conventional fertilization at Heshan Farm.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- composite microbial fertilizers (T2 and T3)e3
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Comparator
- conventional fertilizatione3
- Setting
- Heshan Farm, Heilongjiang Province, Chinae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Yield”
e1“at Heshan Farm, Heilongjiang Province, China”
e3“Compared to conventional fertilization (T1 treatment), the application of composite microbial fertilizers (T2 and T3) resulted in a decrease in soil bulk density and an increase in porosity”
Claim · model-written summary
Compound microbial fertilizer treatments increased soil porosity compared with conventional fertilization at Heshan Farm.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- composite microbial fertilizers (T2 and T3)e3
- Outcome
- porositye3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Comparator
- conventional fertilizatione3
- Setting
- Heshan Farm, Heilongjiang Province, Chinae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Yield”
e1“at Heshan Farm, Heilongjiang Province, China”
e3“Compared to conventional fertilization (T1 treatment), the application of composite microbial fertilizers (T2 and T3) resulted in a decrease in soil bulk density and an increase in porosity”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate application of compound microbial fertilizer (T3) decreased the volume fraction of clay particles.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- moderate application of the composite microbial fertilizer (T3)e5
- Outcome
- volume fraction of clay particlese5
- Direction
- decreasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Yield”
e5“moderate application of the composite microbial fertilizer (T3) led to a decrease in the volume fraction of clay particles and an increase in the volume fraction of sand particles”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate application of compound microbial fertilizer (T3) increased the volume fraction of sand particles.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- moderate application of the composite microbial fertilizer (T3)e5
- Outcome
- volume fraction of sand particlese5
- Direction
- increasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Yield”
e5“moderate application of the composite microbial fertilizer (T3) led to a decrease in the volume fraction of clay particles and an increase in the volume fraction of sand particles”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments had a high content of soil agglomerates larger than 5 mm at 0–20 cm depth.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- content of agglomerates larger than 5 mme7
- Qualifier
- all treatments exhibited high contente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Yield”
e7“all treatments exhibited high content of agglomerates larger than 5 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
Composite microbial fertilizer treatments T2 and T3 promoted the formation of large soil agglomerates.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- composite microbial fertilizers (T2 and T3)e6
- Outcome
- formation of large soil agglomeratese6
- Direction
- promotede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Yield”
e6“The application of composite microbial fertilizers (T2 and T3) promoted the formation of large soil agglomerates and reduced the presence of micro-agglomerates smaller than 0.25 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
Composite microbial fertilizer treatments T2 and T3 reduced the presence of micro-agglomerates smaller than 0.25 mm.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- composite microbial fertilizers (T2 and T3)e6
- Outcome
- presence of micro-agglomerates smaller than 0.25 mme6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Yield”
e6“The application of composite microbial fertilizers (T2 and T3) promoted the formation of large soil agglomerates and reduced the presence of micro-agglomerates smaller than 0.25 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment T2 (50% N fertilizer with compound microbial fertilizer) increased soybean yield by 13.02% relative to T1 in 2021–2022.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe3
- Treatment
- 50% N fertilizer + compound microbial fertilizere2
- Outcome
- soybean yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 13.02%e3
- Comparator
- T1 treatmente3
- Setting
- Heshan Farm, Heilongjiang Province, Chinae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The soybean yield increased by 13.02% in the T2 treatment compared with the T1 treatment and decreased by 9.34% in the T3 treatment”
e2“T1 (conventional fertilization), T2 (50% N fertilizer + compound microbial fertilizer), and T3 (0 N fertilizer + compound microbial fertilizer)”
e1“at Heshan Farm, Heilongjiang Province, China”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment T3 (0 N fertilizer with compound microbial fertilizer) decreased soybean yield by 9.34% relative to T1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe3
- Treatment
- 0 N fertilizer + compound microbial fertilizere2
- Outcome
- soybean yielde3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 9.34%e3
- Comparator
- T1 treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The soybean yield increased by 13.02% in the T2 treatment compared with the T1 treatment and decreased by 9.34% in the T3 treatment”
e2“T1 (conventional fertilization), T2 (50% N fertilizer + compound microbial fertilizer), and T3 (0 N fertilizer + compound microbial fertilizer)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend appropriate application of compound microbial fertilizer to protect black soil and improve soybean quality in abnormal precipitation years.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- appropriate application of compound microbial fertilizere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Yield”
e2“the appropriate application of compound microbial fertilizer can help protect black soil”
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