Abstract
Intensive agriculture uses continuous chemical fertilizers to increase crop yields, but excessive use of fertilizers leads to environmental pollution, permanent changes in physicochemical conditions in soil ecology, deterioration of soil biological health, leaching of nutrients, surface and groundwater pollution and eutrophication. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are becoming increasingly important for ensuring crop safety, increasing nutrient uptake and output, lowering fertilizer costs, preventing environmental contamination and promoting sustainable agriculture and agricultural resources. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate the effects of fifteen bacteria strains that were isolated from various acidic rhizospheric soils as biofertilizers on soil biological properties. Growth, yield and quality traits were analyzed, and various PGPR were identified using 16S ribosomal RNA of Turkish oregano. Fifteen bacterial inoculations with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, N2-fixing, P-solubilizing and/or IAA-producing genes were used in the experiment, which was carried out in a randomized block design with five replicates (each with three pots) and a control without inoculation. Increased biological activity in soil inoculated with bacteria with multiple traits was confirmed by high C and N content in microbial biomass, urease, dehydrogenase and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities. Essential oil content, oil yield, thymol and carvacrol contents increased by 0.5–40.1%, 5.9–71.9%, 0.07–16.7% and 0.3–9.2%, respectively, as a result of bacterial inoculation. Oil content ranged from 2.02% to 2.83%; carvacrol (66.1–72.2%) was the main constituent, followed by thymol (14.5–16.9%) and linalool (1.38–3.68%). Two large PGPR groups were formed based on genetic distance analysis. Responses were variable and depended on the inoculant strain and the parameters being evaluated. The results indicate PGPR has clear potential for improving the yield of cultivated aromatic and essential oil plants, such as oregano.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Multi-trait bacterial inoculation increased soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- Oregano
Origanum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- soil inoculated with bacteria with multiple traitse0
- Outcome
- C and N content in microbial biomass, urease, dehydrogenase and acid and alkaline phosphatase activitiese0
- Direction
- Increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oregano (Origanum onites L.)”
e0“Increased biological activity in soil inoculated with bacteria with multiple traits was confirmed by high C and N content in microbial biomass, urease, dehydrogenase and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation increased essential oil content by 0.5–40.1%.
- Taxon
- OreganoOriganum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione0
- Interactor
- bacteriale0symbiont
- Outcome
- Essential oil contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.5–40.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oregano (Origanum onites L.)”
e0“Essential oil content, oil yield, thymol and carvacrol contents increased by 0.5–40.1%, 5.9–71.9%, 0.07–16.7% and 0.3–9.2%, respectively, as a result of bacterial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation increased oil yield by 5.9–71.9%.
- Taxon
- OreganoOriganum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione0
- Interactor
- bacteriale0symbiont
- Outcome
- oil yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.9–71.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oregano (Origanum onites L.)”
e0“Essential oil content, oil yield, thymol and carvacrol contents increased by 0.5–40.1%, 5.9–71.9%, 0.07–16.7% and 0.3–9.2%, respectively, as a result of bacterial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation increased thymol content by 0.07–16.7%.
- Taxon
- OreganoOriganum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione0
- Interactor
- bacteriale0symbiont
- Outcome
- thymole0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.07–16.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oregano (Origanum onites L.)”
e0“Essential oil content, oil yield, thymol and carvacrol contents increased by 0.5–40.1%, 5.9–71.9%, 0.07–16.7% and 0.3–9.2%, respectively, as a result of bacterial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation increased carvacrol content by 0.3–9.2%.
- Taxon
- OreganoOriganum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione0
- Interactor
- bacteriale0symbiont
- Outcome
- carvacrol contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.3–9.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oregano (Origanum onites L.)”
e0“Essential oil content, oil yield, thymol and carvacrol contents increased by 0.5–40.1%, 5.9–71.9%, 0.07–16.7% and 0.3–9.2%, respectively, as a result of bacterial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil content ranged from 2.02% to 2.83%.
- Taxon
- OreganoOriganum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- Oil contente0
- Direction
- rangede0
- Value
- 2.02% to 2.83%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oregano (Origanum onites L.)”
e0“Oil content ranged from 2.02% to 2.83%”
Claim · model-written summary
Carvacrol was the main oil constituent at 66.1–72.2%.
- Taxon
- OreganoOriganum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- carvacrole0
- Direction
- maine0
- Value
- 66.1–72.2%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oregano (Origanum onites L.)”
e0“carvacrol (66.1–72.2%) was the main constituent”
Claim · model-written summary
Thymol accounted for 14.5–16.9% of oil composition.
- Taxon
- OreganoOriganum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- thymole0
- Direction
- followed bye0
- Value
- 14.5–16.9%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oregano (Origanum onites L.)”
e0“followed by thymol (14.5–16.9%) and linalool (1.38–3.68%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Linalool accounted for 1.38–3.68% of oil composition.
- Taxon
- OreganoOriganum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- linaloole0
- Direction
- followed bye0
- Value
- 1.38–3.68%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oregano (Origanum onites L.)”
e0“followed by thymol (14.5–16.9%) and linalool (1.38–3.68%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Genetic distance analysis formed two large PGPR groups.
- Taxon
- OreganoOriganum vulgaret0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- PGPR groupse0
- Value
- Twoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oregano (Origanum onites L.)”
e0“Two large PGPR groups were formed based on genetic distance analysis”
Claim · model-written summary
Oregano responses varied by inoculant strain and parameter.
- Taxon
- OreganoOriganum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- inoculant straine0
- Outcome
- Responsese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oregano (Origanum onites L.)”
e0“Responses were variable and depended on the inoculant strain and the parameters being evaluated”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that PGPR could improve cultivated oregano yield.
- Taxon
- oreganoOriganum vulgaree0
- Interactor
- PGPRe0symbiont
- Outcome
- improving the yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Oregano (Origanum onites L.)”
e0“PGPR has clear potential for improving the yield of cultivated aromatic and essential oil plants, such as oregano”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · molecular: metabolites · Origanum vulgare (oregano)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
inoculation · quality: oil · Origanum vulgare (oregano)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.