Abstract
Ilocos Pink garlic (IPG) is a local garlic variety found in Ilocos Norte, Philippines. Recently known for its moderate beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitory activity in vivo, there is still a limited number of studies describing its genetic and metabolite profile to distinguish it from other garlic varieties. In this study, genetic markers of IPG were identified using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) analysis. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry followed by principal component analysis (PCA) was used to discriminate IPG’s metabolites from Ilocos Native garlic. Based on the degree of brown-stripe pigmentation on their outer skin, IPG samples can be classified into three – light, moderate, and heavy pigmentation. These subgroups were found to share seven SRAP marker pairs – namely,ME1-EM1 (at 300bp), ME1-EM4 (at 400bp), ME2-EM3 (500bp), ME3-EM1 (300bp), ME3-EM2(at 400bp), ME3-EM4 (at 200bp), and ME5-EM2 (at 300bp). Unique SRAP marker pairs were also observed between subgroups. PCA revealed Ilocos Native garlic to be discriminated from the IPG groups, but the marker matrix tool showed mere differences in concentrations except m/z247.129 at RT 1.40. Concentration-wise, nine markers may be proposed to discriminate IPG light from IPG moderate and heavy, seven of which are putatively identified as saponins. These findings suggest that SRAP markers can effectively discriminate IPG into subgroups, whereas metabolite profiling may provide little insight into the differences between IPG and Ilocos Native garlic.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Ilocos Pink garlic samples form light, moderate and heavy outer-skin pigmentation groups.
- Taxon
- garlic
Allium sativume1 - Material
- Ilocos Pinke1
- Organ / stage
- outer skine0
- Outcome
- light, moderate, and heavy pigmentatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on the degree of brown-stripe pigmentation on their outer skin, IPG samples can be classified into three – light, moderate, and heavy pigmentation.”
e1“Ilocos Pink garlic (IPG)”
Claim · model-written summary
The IPG subgroups shared seven SRAP marker pairs.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Outcome
- share seven SRAP marker pairse0
- Qualifier
- ME1-EM1 (at 300bp), ME1-EM4 (at 400bp), ME2-EM3 (500bp), ME3-EM1 (300bp), ME3-EM2(at 400bp), ME3-EM4 (at 200bp), and ME5-EM2 (at 300bp)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These subgroups were found to share seven SRAP marker pairs – namely,ME1-EM1 (at 300bp), ME1-EM4 (at 400bp), ME2-EM3 (500bp), ME3-EM1 (300bp), ME3-EM2(at 400bp), ME3-EM4 (at 200bp), and ME5-EM2 (at 300bp).”
e1“Ilocos Pink garlic (IPG)”
Claim · model-written summary
Unique SRAP marker pairs occurred between IPG subgroups.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Outcome
- Unique SRAP marker pairse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Unique SRAP marker pairs were also observed between subgroups.”
e1“Ilocos Pink garlic (IPG)”
Claim · model-written summary
PCA discriminated Ilocos Native garlic from IPG groups.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Material
- Ilocos Nativee0
- Outcome
- discriminatede0
- Comparator
- IPG groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PCA revealed Ilocos Native garlic to be discriminated from the IPG groups”
Claim · model-written summary
The marker matrix showed only concentration differences apart from m/z247.129 at RT 1.40.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Outcome
- differences in concentrationse0
- Qualifier
- except m/z247.129 at RT 1.40e0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the marker matrix tool showed mere differences in concentrations except m/z247.129 at RT 1.40.”
e1“Ilocos Pink garlic (IPG)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine concentration markers may distinguish IPG light from moderate and heavy groups.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Outcome
- discriminate IPG lighte0
- Value
- ninee0
- Comparator
- IPG moderate and heavye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentration-wise, nine markers may be proposed to discriminate IPG light from IPG moderate and heavy, seven of which are putatively identified as saponins.”
e1“Ilocos Pink garlic (IPG)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven discriminating markers were putatively identified as saponins.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Outcome
- saponinse0
- Value
- sevene0
- Qualifier
- putatively identifiede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seven of which are putatively identified as saponins”
e1“Ilocos Pink garlic (IPG)”
Claim · model-written summary
SRAP markers can effectively discriminate IPG subgroups.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume1
- Outcome
- effectively discriminate IPG into subgroupse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SRAP markers can effectively discriminate IPG into subgroups”
e1“Ilocos Pink garlic (IPG)”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolite profiling may provide little insight into differences between IPG and Ilocos Native garlic.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Outcome
- little insighte0
- Comparator
- Ilocos Native garlice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“metabolite profiling may provide little insight into the differences between IPG and Ilocos Native garlic.”