Abstract
With the widespread use of nanoenabled agrochemicals, it is essential to evaluate the food safety of nanomaterials (NMs)-treated vegetable crops in full life cycle studies as well as their potential impacts on human health. Tomato seedlings were foliarly sprayed with 50 mg/L ZnO NMs, including ZnO quantum dots (QDs) and ZnO nanoparticles once per week over 11 weeks. The foliar sprayed ZnO QDs increased fruit dry weight and yield per plant by 39.1% and 24.9, respectively. It also significantly increased the lycopene, amino acids, Zn, B, and Fe in tomato fruits by 40.5%, 15.1%, 44.5%, 76.2%, and 12.8%, respectively. The tomato fruit metabolome of tomatoes showed that ZnO NMs upregulated the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and sphingolipid metabolism and elevated the levels of linoleic and arachidonic acids. The ZnO NMs-treated tomato fruits were then digested in a human gastrointestinal tract model. The results of essential mineral release suggested that the ZnO QDs treatment increased the bioaccessibility of K, Zn, and Cu by 14.8-35.1% relative to the control. Additionally, both types of ZnO NMs had no negative impact on the α-amylase, pepsin, and trypsin activities. The digested fruit metabolome in the intestinal fluid demonstrated that ZnO NMs did not interfere with the normal process of human digestion. Importantly, ZnO NMs treatments increased the glycerophospholipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, and peptides in the intestinal fluids of tomato fruits. This study suggests that nanoscale Zn can be potentially used to increase the nutritional value of vegetable crops and can be an important tool to sustainably increase food quality and security.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO quantum dots increased fruit dry weight by 39.1%.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- foliar sprayed ZnO QDse0
- Outcome
- fruit dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 39.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar sprayed ZnO QDs increased fruit dry weight and yield per plant by 39.1% and 24.9, respectively.”
t0“Tomato Fruits”
t1“The foliar sprayed ZnO QDs”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO quantum dots increased yield per plant by 24.9.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- foliar sprayed ZnO QDse0
- Outcome
- yield per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24.9e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar sprayed ZnO QDs increased fruit dry weight and yield per plant by 39.1% and 24.9, respectively.”
t0“Tomato Fruits”
t1“The foliar sprayed ZnO QDs”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO quantum dots increased fruit lycopene by 40.5%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ZnO QDst1
- Outcome
- lycopenee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 40.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also significantly increased the lycopene, amino acids, Zn, B, and Fe in tomato fruits by 40.5%, 15.1%, 44.5%, 76.2%, and 12.8%, respectively.”
t0“Tomato Fruits”
t1“The foliar sprayed ZnO QDs”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO quantum dots increased fruit amino acids by 15.1%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ZnO QDst1
- Outcome
- amino acidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also significantly increased the lycopene, amino acids, Zn, B, and Fe in tomato fruits by 40.5%, 15.1%, 44.5%, 76.2%, and 12.8%, respectively.”
t0“Tomato Fruits”
t1“The foliar sprayed ZnO QDs”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO quantum dots increased fruit Zn by 44.5%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also significantly increased the lycopene, amino acids, Zn, B, and Fe in tomato fruits by 40.5%, 15.1%, 44.5%, 76.2%, and 12.8%, respectively.”
t0“Tomato Fruits”
t1“The foliar sprayed ZnO QDs”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO quantum dots increased fruit B by 76.2%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also significantly increased the lycopene, amino acids, Zn, B, and Fe in tomato fruits by 40.5%, 15.1%, 44.5%, 76.2%, and 12.8%, respectively.”
t0“Tomato Fruits”
t1“The foliar sprayed ZnO QDs”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO quantum dots increased fruit Fe by 12.8%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also significantly increased the lycopene, amino acids, Zn, B, and Fe in tomato fruits by 40.5%, 15.1%, 44.5%, 76.2%, and 12.8%, respectively.”
t0“Tomato Fruits”
t1“The foliar sprayed ZnO QDs”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanomaterials upregulated unsaturated-fatty-acid biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ZnO NMse0
- Outcome
- biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acidse0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO NMs upregulated the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and sphingolipid metabolism and elevated the levels of linoleic and arachidonic acids.”
t0“Tomato Fruits”
t1“The foliar sprayed ZnO QDs”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanomaterials upregulated sphingolipid metabolism.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ZnO NMse0
- Outcome
- sphingolipid metabolisme0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO NMs upregulated the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and sphingolipid metabolism and elevated the levels of linoleic and arachidonic acids.”
t0“Tomato Fruits”
t1“The foliar sprayed ZnO QDs”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanomaterials elevated linoleic and arachidonic acids.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ZnO NMse0
- Outcome
- levels of linoleic and arachidonic acidse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO NMs upregulated the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and sphingolipid metabolism and elevated the levels of linoleic and arachidonic acids.”
t0“Tomato Fruits”
t1“The foliar sprayed ZnO QDs”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO quantum dots increased K, Zn, and Cu bioaccessibility by 14.8-35.1%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ZnO QDs treatmente0
- Outcome
- bioaccessibility of K, Zn, and Cue0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14.8-35.1%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ZnO QDs treatment increased the bioaccessibility of K, Zn, and Cu by 14.8-35.1% relative to the control.”
t0“Tomato Fruits”
t1“The foliar sprayed ZnO QDs”
Claim · model-written summary
Both ZnO nanomaterials had no negative effect on three digestive enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- both types of ZnO NMse0
- Outcome
- α-amylase, pepsin, and trypsin activitiese0
- Direction
- no negative impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both types of ZnO NMs had no negative impact on the α-amylase, pepsin, and trypsin activities.”
t0“Tomato Fruits”
t1“The foliar sprayed ZnO QDs”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanomaterials did not disrupt the normal human digestion process in the model.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ZnO NMse0
- Outcome
- normal process of human digestione0
- Direction
- did not interferee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO NMs did not interfere with the normal process of human digestion.”
t0“Tomato Fruits”
t1“The foliar sprayed ZnO QDs”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanomaterials increased glycerophospholipids and carbohydrates in intestinal fluid.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ZnO NMs treatmentse0
- Outcome
- glycerophospholipids, carbohydratese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO NMs treatments increased the glycerophospholipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, and peptides in the intestinal fluids of tomato fruits.”
t0“Tomato Fruits”
t1“The foliar sprayed ZnO QDs”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanomaterials increased amino acids and peptides in intestinal fluid.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ZnO NMs treatmentse0
- Outcome
- amino acids, and peptidese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO NMs treatments increased the glycerophospholipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, and peptides in the intestinal fluids of tomato fruits.”
t0“Tomato Fruits”
t1“The foliar sprayed ZnO QDs”
The same questions in other papers
zinc oxide · quality: phytochemicals · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →quantum dot · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
zinc oxide · molecular: metabolites · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →quantum dot · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
zinc oxide · quality: sugar starch · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →zinc oxide · nutrient: content · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
9 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →zinc oxide · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
14 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →zinc oxide · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
23 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.