Abstract
This study explored the effectiveness of green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) foliar spray on tomato growth and oxidative stress relief under drought conditions. Tomato plant subjected to four water regimes (100, 75, 50, and 25% FC), and in the same while seedlings were sprayed with 25, 50, and 100 mg/L green ZnO-NPs. The results showed that tomato growth parameters reduced significantly by increasing drought stress levels, while ZnO-NPs enhanced plant growth under all studied drought levels. Out of three ZnO-NPs concentrations tested, 25 and 50 mg/L ZnO-NPs proved to be the optimum treatments for alleviating drought stress. They increased shoot and root biomass compared to untreated controls. Application of 25 and 50 mg/L ZnO-NPs enhanced shoot dry weight by about 2-2.5-fold, respectively, under severe drought conditions (25%) compared to ZnO-NPs untreated plants. The application of 25 and 50 mg/L green ZnO-NPs decreased the drought-induced oxidative stress as indicated by the reduction in malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentrations compared to untreated controls. While 100 mg/L ZnO-NPs further increased oxidative stress. The beneficial effects of ZnO-NPs were evident in the plants' defensive state, in which the concentration of ascorbic acid, free phenols, and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase were maintained at higher levels compared to NPs-untreated plants. At severe drought conditions, 25 mg/L ZnO-NPs induced SOD, CAT, and APX activity by about 3.99-, 3.23-, and 2.82-fold of their corresponding controls, respectively. Likewise, at 25% FC, SOD, CAT, and APX activity increased with 50 mg/L ZnO-NPs by about 4.58-, 3.57-, and 3.25-fold consecutively compared with their respective controls. Therefore, foliar use of green ZnO-NPs at lower concentrations might be suggested as an efficient way for enhancing tomato tolerance to drought stress.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress reduced tomato growth parameters significantly.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- increasing drought stress levelse1
- Outcome
- growth parameterse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e1“tomato growth parameters reduced significantly by increasing drought stress levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Green ZnO-NPs enhanced tomato growth under all studied drought levels.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPse2
- Outcome
- plant growthe2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Qualifier
- under all studied drought levelse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e2“while ZnO-NPs enhanced plant growth under all studied drought levels”
Claim · model-written summary
25 and 50 mg/L ZnO-NPs were the optimum treatments for alleviating drought stress.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 25 and 50 mg/L ZnO-NPse3
- Outcome
- alleviating drought stresse3
- Direction
- optimume3
- Qualifier
- Out of three ZnO-NPs concentrations testede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e3“Out of three ZnO-NPs concentrations tested, 25 and 50 mg/L ZnO-NPs proved to be the optimum treatments for alleviating drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
25 and 50 mg/L ZnO-NPs increased shoot and root biomass compared with untreated controls.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 25 and 50 mg/L ZnO-NPse3
- Outcome
- shoot and root biomasse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- untreated controlse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e3“Out of three ZnO-NPs concentrations tested, 25 and 50 mg/L ZnO-NPs proved to be the optimum treatments for alleviating drought stress”
e4“They increased shoot and root biomass compared to untreated controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 25 and 50 mg/L ZnO-NPs enhanced shoot dry weight by about 2-2.5-fold under severe drought.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Application of 25 and 50 mg/L ZnO-NPse5
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Value
- about 2-2.5-folde5
- Comparator
- ZnO-NPs untreated plantse5
- Setting
- severe drought conditions (25%)e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e5“Application of 25 and 50 mg/L ZnO-NPs enhanced shoot dry weight by about 2-2.5-fold, respectively, under severe drought conditions (25%) compared to ZnO-NPs untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
25 and 50 mg/L green ZnO-NPs decreased drought-induced oxidative stress, indicated by lower malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentrations.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- The application of 25 and 50 mg/L green ZnO-NPse6
- Outcome
- drought-induced oxidative stresse6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Qualifier
- as indicated by the reduction in malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentrationse6
- Comparator
- untreated controlse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e6“The application of 25 and 50 mg/L green ZnO-NPs decreased the drought-induced oxidative stress as indicated by the reduction in malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentrations compared to untreated controls”
Claim · model-written summary
100 mg/L ZnO-NPs further increased oxidative stress.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 100 mg/L ZnO-NPse7
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e7“While 100 mg/L ZnO-NPs further increased oxidative stress”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO-NPs-treated plants maintained higher ascorbic acid and free phenol concentrations than NPs-untreated plants.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPse0
- Outcome
- concentration of ascorbic acid, free phenolse1
- Direction
- higher levelse1
- Comparator
- NPs-untreated plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e0“The beneficial effects of ZnO-NPs were evident in the plants' defensive state”
e1“the concentration of ascorbic acid, free phenols, and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase were maintained at higher levels compared to NPs-untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At severe drought, 25 mg/L ZnO-NPs induced SOD, CAT, and APX activity by about 3.99-, 3.23-, and 2.82-fold relative to their corresponding controls.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 25 mg/L ZnO-NPse1
- Outcome
- SOD, CAT, and APX activitye1
- Direction
- inducede1
- Value
- about 3.99-, 3.23-, and 2.82-folde1
- Comparator
- their corresponding controlse1
- Setting
- At severe drought conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e1“At severe drought conditions, 25 mg/L ZnO-NPs induced SOD, CAT, and APX activity by about 3.99-, 3.23-, and 2.82-fold of their corresponding controls, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO-NPs-treated plants maintained higher superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase activity than NPs-untreated plants.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPse0
- Outcome
- the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidasee1
- Direction
- higher levelse1
- Comparator
- NPs-untreated plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e0“The beneficial effects of ZnO-NPs were evident in the plants' defensive state”
e1“the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase were maintained at higher levels compared to NPs-untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
50 mg/L ZnO-NPs increased SOD, CAT, and APX activity at 25% field capacity by about 4.58-, 3.57-, and 3.25-fold compared with their respective controls.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 50 mg/L ZnO-NPse1
- Outcome
- SOD, CAT, and APX activitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- about 4.58-, 3.57-, and 3.25-folde1
- Comparator
- their respective controlse1
- Setting
- at 25% FCe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e1“Likewise, at 25% FC, SOD, CAT, and APX activity increased with 50 mg/L ZnO-NPs by about 4.58-, 3.57-, and 3.25-fold consecutively compared with their respective controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar use of green ZnO-NPs at lower concentrations is suggested as an efficient way to enhance tomato tolerance to drought stress.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- foliar use of green ZnO-NPs at lower concentrationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e1“foliar use of green ZnO-NPs at lower concentrations might be suggested as an efficient way for enhancing tomato tolerance to drought stress”
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See all 24 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.