Abstract
Farmers commonly throw away tomato leaves when they harvest tomatoes, although they are a good source of vital biomolecules. ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) enhance plant growth by regulating abiotic stress and scavenging reactive oxygen species. In the current article, the activities of five antioxidant enzymes—glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (POX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)—were determined spectrophotometrically to study the interaction between foliar fertilization of ZnO NPs and salt stress in tomato plants. We employed the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique to investigate the gene expression. It was also used to generate a de novo supertranscript and then determine the sequences modulated by treatments. Differential expression analysis was used to identify increased and reduced gene clusters, and gene enrichment analysis was used to identify over- and under-expressed genes under the treatment. Gene Ontology (GO) was used to identify the functions and regulatory pathways of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). It was found that ZnO nanoparticles had the capability to overcome the reduction in antioxidant enzyme production levels in the case of the salinity-stressed treatments and enhance the secretion of those enzymes in the non-stressed but sprayed treatments. The ZnO NPs also enhanced the reduction in stress-responsive genes associated with salt stress resistance. The results revealed the impact of ZnO nanoparticles on alleviating the salinity stress reductive effects in antioxidative enzymes and regulating the mechanism by which metabolically relevant genes adaptively respond to salt stress in tomato plants. So, spraying tomato plants (stressed or not) with ZnO NPs is a promising agricultural technique in improving different metabolic pathways that are responsible for plants’ resistance.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles countered the reduction in antioxidant enzymes under salinity stress.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- ZnO nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme production levelse0
- Direction
- overcome the reductione0
- Comparator
- salinity-stressed treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO nanoparticles had the capability to overcome the reduction in antioxidant enzyme production levels in the case of the salinity-stressed treatments”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticle spraying enhanced antioxidant enzyme secretion without salt stress.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ZnO nanoparticlese1
- Outcome
- secretion of those enzymese0
- Direction
- enhancee0
- Comparator
- non-stressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhance the secretion of those enzymes in the non-stressed but sprayed treatments”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum”
e1“ZnO nanoparticles had the capability to overcome the reduction in antioxidant enzyme production levels”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO nanoparticles enhanced reduction of salt stress resistance responsive genes.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- stress-responsive genes associated with salt stress resistancee0
- Direction
- enhanced the reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ZnO NPs also enhanced the reduction in stress-responsive genes associated with salt stress resistance”
t0“Solanum lycopersicum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest spraying tomato with ZnO nanoparticles to improve metabolic pathways related to resistance.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- spraying tomato plants (stressed or not) with ZnO NPse0
- Outcome
- improving different metabolic pathways that are responsible for plants’ resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spraying tomato plants (stressed or not) with ZnO NPs is a promising agricultural technique in improving different metabolic pathways that are responsible for plants’ resistance”
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