Abstract
Organic fertilizer usage is been introduced into agricultural practices for preventing the damaging effects of chemical fertilizers. Present study investigated the beneficial role of organic fertilizer (nano-vermicompost) on the growth, oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant and nitrogen metabolism, osmolyte accumulation and mineral elements in tomato under drought stress. Drought stress resulted in reduced growth and biomass accumulation by triggering oxidative stress due to excess accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced mineral uptake. Application of nano-vermicompost proved significantly beneficial in improving growth and mitigating the drought induced growth decline. Nano-vermicompost increased growth and dry matter content and ameliorated the decline in chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis and PSII activity more significantly at higher concentration (100 mg kg−1 soil). ROS accumulation was significantly reduced by nano-vermicompost application thereby enhancing the membrane stability under normal as well as drought conditions. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation and activities of protease and lypoxygenase were significantly reduced. Drought up-regulated antioxidant system and application of nano-vermicompost further enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidant components. Accumulation of osmolytes including proline, glycine betaine and sugars increased significantly due to nano-vermicompost application. Besides, decline in the activity of nitrate reductase and content of essential mineral elements like nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous was also ameliorated by nano-vermicompost application.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced tomato growth and biomass accumulation.
Solanum lycopersicumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress resulted in reduced growth and biomass accumulation”
t0“Improving growth and photosynthetic performance of drought stressed tomato by application of nano-organic fertilizer involves up-regulation of nitrogen, antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism”
e1“in tomato under drought stress”
e2“Drought stress resulted in reduced growth and biomass accumulation”
e3“Application of nano-vermicompost proved significantly beneficial in improving growth and mitigating the drought induced growth decline.”
e4“ROS accumulation was significantly reduced by nano-vermicompost application thereby enhancing the membrane stability under normal as well as drought conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought caused excess reactive oxygen species accumulation and lower mineral uptake.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“triggering oxidative stress due to excess accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced mineral uptake.”
t0“Improving growth and photosynthetic performance of drought stressed tomato by application of nano-organic fertilizer involves up-regulation of nitrogen, antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism”
e1“in tomato under drought stress”
e2“Drought stress resulted in reduced growth and biomass accumulation”
e3“Application of nano-vermicompost proved significantly beneficial in improving growth and mitigating the drought induced growth decline.”
e4“ROS accumulation was significantly reduced by nano-vermicompost application thereby enhancing the membrane stability under normal as well as drought conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-vermicompost significantly improved tomato growth and mitigated drought-related growth decline.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of nano-vermicompost proved significantly beneficial in improving growth and mitigating the drought induced growth decline.”
t0“Improving growth and photosynthetic performance of drought stressed tomato by application of nano-organic fertilizer involves up-regulation of nitrogen, antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism”
e1“in tomato under drought stress”
e2“Drought stress resulted in reduced growth and biomass accumulation”
e3“Application of nano-vermicompost proved significantly beneficial in improving growth and mitigating the drought induced growth decline.”
e4“ROS accumulation was significantly reduced by nano-vermicompost application thereby enhancing the membrane stability under normal as well as drought conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-vermicompost increased tomato dry matter content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nano-vermicompost increased growth and dry matter content”
t0“Improving growth and photosynthetic performance of drought stressed tomato by application of nano-organic fertilizer involves up-regulation of nitrogen, antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism”
e1“in tomato under drought stress”
e2“Drought stress resulted in reduced growth and biomass accumulation”
e3“Application of nano-vermicompost proved significantly beneficial in improving growth and mitigating the drought induced growth decline.”
e4“ROS accumulation was significantly reduced by nano-vermicompost application thereby enhancing the membrane stability under normal as well as drought conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-vermicompost ameliorated the decline in chlorophyll, photosynthesis, and PSII activity, especially at 100 mg kg−1 soil.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ameliorated the decline in chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis and PSII activity more significantly at higher concentration (100 mg kg−1 soil).”
t0“Improving growth and photosynthetic performance of drought stressed tomato by application of nano-organic fertilizer involves up-regulation of nitrogen, antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism”
e1“in tomato under drought stress”
e2“Drought stress resulted in reduced growth and biomass accumulation”
e3“Application of nano-vermicompost proved significantly beneficial in improving growth and mitigating the drought induced growth decline.”
e4“ROS accumulation was significantly reduced by nano-vermicompost application thereby enhancing the membrane stability under normal as well as drought conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-vermicompost significantly reduced ROS accumulation under normal and drought conditions.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ROS accumulation was significantly reduced by nano-vermicompost application thereby enhancing the membrane stability under normal as well as drought conditions.”
t0“Improving growth and photosynthetic performance of drought stressed tomato by application of nano-organic fertilizer involves up-regulation of nitrogen, antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism”
e1“in tomato under drought stress”
e2“Drought stress resulted in reduced growth and biomass accumulation”
e3“Application of nano-vermicompost proved significantly beneficial in improving growth and mitigating the drought induced growth decline.”
e4“ROS accumulation was significantly reduced by nano-vermicompost application thereby enhancing the membrane stability under normal as well as drought conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-vermicompost enhanced tomato membrane stability under normal and drought conditions.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thereby enhancing the membrane stability under normal as well as drought conditions.”
t0“Improving growth and photosynthetic performance of drought stressed tomato by application of nano-organic fertilizer involves up-regulation of nitrogen, antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism”
e1“in tomato under drought stress”
e2“Drought stress resulted in reduced growth and biomass accumulation”
e3“Application of nano-vermicompost proved significantly beneficial in improving growth and mitigating the drought induced growth decline.”
e4“ROS accumulation was significantly reduced by nano-vermicompost application thereby enhancing the membrane stability under normal as well as drought conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-vermicompost significantly reduced lipid peroxidation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lipid peroxidation and activities of protease and lypoxygenase were significantly reduced.”
t0“Improving growth and photosynthetic performance of drought stressed tomato by application of nano-organic fertilizer involves up-regulation of nitrogen, antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism”
e1“in tomato under drought stress”
e2“Drought stress resulted in reduced growth and biomass accumulation”
e3“Application of nano-vermicompost proved significantly beneficial in improving growth and mitigating the drought induced growth decline.”
e4“ROS accumulation was significantly reduced by nano-vermicompost application thereby enhancing the membrane stability under normal as well as drought conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-vermicompost significantly reduced protease and lypoxygenase activities.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activities of protease and lypoxygenase were significantly reduced.”
t0“Improving growth and photosynthetic performance of drought stressed tomato by application of nano-organic fertilizer involves up-regulation of nitrogen, antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism”
e1“in tomato under drought stress”
e2“Drought stress resulted in reduced growth and biomass accumulation”
e3“Application of nano-vermicompost proved significantly beneficial in improving growth and mitigating the drought induced growth decline.”
e4“ROS accumulation was significantly reduced by nano-vermicompost application thereby enhancing the membrane stability under normal as well as drought conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought upregulated the antioxidant system.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought up-regulated antioxidant system”
t0“Improving growth and photosynthetic performance of drought stressed tomato by application of nano-organic fertilizer involves up-regulation of nitrogen, antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism”
e1“in tomato under drought stress”
e2“Drought stress resulted in reduced growth and biomass accumulation”
e3“Application of nano-vermicompost proved significantly beneficial in improving growth and mitigating the drought induced growth decline.”
e4“ROS accumulation was significantly reduced by nano-vermicompost application thereby enhancing the membrane stability under normal as well as drought conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-vermicompost enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and non-enzymatic antioxidant contents.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of nano-vermicompost further enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidant components.”
t0“Improving growth and photosynthetic performance of drought stressed tomato by application of nano-organic fertilizer involves up-regulation of nitrogen, antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism”
e1“in tomato under drought stress”
e2“Drought stress resulted in reduced growth and biomass accumulation”
e3“Application of nano-vermicompost proved significantly beneficial in improving growth and mitigating the drought induced growth decline.”
e4“ROS accumulation was significantly reduced by nano-vermicompost application thereby enhancing the membrane stability under normal as well as drought conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-vermicompost significantly increased proline, glycine betaine, and sugar accumulation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Accumulation of osmolytes including proline, glycine betaine and sugars increased significantly due to nano-vermicompost application.”
t0“Improving growth and photosynthetic performance of drought stressed tomato by application of nano-organic fertilizer involves up-regulation of nitrogen, antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism”
e1“in tomato under drought stress”
e2“Drought stress resulted in reduced growth and biomass accumulation”
e3“Application of nano-vermicompost proved significantly beneficial in improving growth and mitigating the drought induced growth decline.”
e4“ROS accumulation was significantly reduced by nano-vermicompost application thereby enhancing the membrane stability under normal as well as drought conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-vermicompost ameliorated the drought-related decline in nitrate reductase activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decline in the activity of nitrate reductase and content of essential mineral elements like nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous was also ameliorated by nano-vermicompost application.”
t0“Improving growth and photosynthetic performance of drought stressed tomato by application of nano-organic fertilizer involves up-regulation of nitrogen, antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism”
e1“in tomato under drought stress”
e2“Drought stress resulted in reduced growth and biomass accumulation”
e3“Application of nano-vermicompost proved significantly beneficial in improving growth and mitigating the drought induced growth decline.”
e4“ROS accumulation was significantly reduced by nano-vermicompost application thereby enhancing the membrane stability under normal as well as drought conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-vermicompost ameliorated the decline in nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“content of essential mineral elements like nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous was also ameliorated by nano-vermicompost application.”
t0“Improving growth and photosynthetic performance of drought stressed tomato by application of nano-organic fertilizer involves up-regulation of nitrogen, antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism”
e1“in tomato under drought stress”
e2“Drought stress resulted in reduced growth and biomass accumulation”
e3“Application of nano-vermicompost proved significantly beneficial in improving growth and mitigating the drought induced growth decline.”
e4“ROS accumulation was significantly reduced by nano-vermicompost application thereby enhancing the membrane stability under normal as well as drought conditions.”
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See all 10 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.