Abstract
The interactions between nanoparticles and plant cells are still not sufficiently understood, and studies related to this subject are of scientific and practical importance. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most commonly produced and used nanomaterials. This study aimed to investigate the influence of AgNPs applied at the concentrations of 0, 50, and 100 mg·L−1 during the process of in vitro germination as well as the biometric and biochemical parameters of developed seedlings in three vegetable species: Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Poranek’, Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus ‘Ramona’, and Brassica oleracea var. sabellica ‘Nero di Toscana’. The application of AgNPs did not affect the germination efficiency; however, diverse results were reported for the growth and biochemical activity of the seedlings, depending on the species tested and the AgNPs concentration. Tomato seedlings treated with nanoparticles, particularly at 100 mg·L−1, had shorter shoots with lower fresh and dry weights and produced roots with lower fresh weight. Simultaneously, at the biochemical level, a decrease in the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids and an increase in the anthocyanins content and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activity were reported. AgNPs-treated radish plants had shorter shoots of higher fresh and dry weight and longer roots with lower fresh weight. Treatment with 50 mg·L−1 and 100 mg·L−1 resulted in the highest and lowest accumulation of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the leaves, respectively; however, seedlings treated with 100 mg·L−1 produced less anthocyanins and polyphenols and exhibited lower GPOX activity. In kale, AgNPs-derived seedlings had a lower content of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins but higher GPOX activity of and were characterized by higher fresh and dry shoot weights and higher heterogeneous biometric parameters of the roots. The results of these experiments may be of great significance for broadening the scope of knowledge on the influence of AgNPs on plant cells and the micropropagation of the vegetable species. Future studies should be aimed at testing lower or even higher concentrations of AgNPs and other NPs and to evaluate the genetic stability of NPs-treated vegetable crops and their yielding efficiency.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Silver nanoparticles did not affect germination efficiency.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The application of AgNPs did not affect the germination efficiency”
t0“Tomato, Radish, and Kale Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato seedlings treated with nanoparticles had shorter shoots and lower shoot fresh and dry weights.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- shoots with lower fresh and dry weightse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- particularly at 100 mg·L−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato seedlings treated with nanoparticles, particularly at 100 mg·L−1, had shorter shoots with lower fresh and dry weights”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato seedlings treated with nanoparticles produced roots with lower fresh weight.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- roots with lower fresh weighte0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato seedlings treated with nanoparticles, particularly at 100 mg·L−1, had shorter shoots with lower fresh and dry weights and produced roots with lower fresh weight”
t0“Tomato, Radish, and Kale Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato seedlings had reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid content.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Silver Nanoparticlest0
- Outcome
- content of chlorophylls and carotenoidse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids”
t0“Silver Nanoparticles Effects on In Vitro Germination, Growth, and Biochemical Activity of Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato seedlings had increased anthocyanin content and GPOX activity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Silver Nanoparticlest0
- Outcome
- anthocyanins content and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in the anthocyanins content and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activity”
t0“Silver Nanoparticles Effects on In Vitro Germination, Growth, and Biochemical Activity of Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
AgNPs-treated radish had shorter shoots with higher fresh and dry weight.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativuse0 - Treatment
- AgNPse0
- Outcome
- shoots of higher fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AgNPs-treated radish plants had shorter shoots of higher fresh and dry weight”
Claim · model-written summary
AgNPs-treated radish had longer roots with lower fresh weight.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- Silver Nanoparticlest0
- Outcome
- roots with lower fresh weighte0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“longer roots with lower fresh weight”
t0“Silver Nanoparticles Effects on In Vitro Germination, Growth, and Biochemical Activity of Tomato, Radish”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50 mg·L−1 radish leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation was highest.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- 50 mg·L−1e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the leavese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with 50 mg·L−1 and 100 mg·L−1 resulted in the highest and lowest accumulation of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the leaves, respectively”
t0“Radish”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 mg·L−1 radish leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation was lowest.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- 100 mg·L−1e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the leavese0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with 50 mg·L−1 and 100 mg·L−1 resulted in the highest and lowest accumulation of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the leaves, respectively”
t0“Radish”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 mg·L−1 radish produced less anthocyanins and polyphenols and lower GPOX activity.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- 100 mg·L−1e0
- Outcome
- anthocyanins and polyphenols and exhibited lower GPOX activitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings treated with 100 mg·L−1 produced less anthocyanins and polyphenols and exhibited lower GPOX activity”
t0“Radish”
Claim · model-written summary
AgNPs-derived kale seedlings had lower chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin content.
- Taxon
- kale
Brassica oleracea var. viridise0 - Treatment
- AgNPse0
- Outcome
- content of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyaninse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In kale, AgNPs-derived seedlings had a lower content of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins”
Claim · model-written summary
AgNPs-derived kale seedlings had higher GPOX activity.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- Silver Nanoparticlest0
- Outcome
- GPOX activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher GPOX activity”
t0“Silver Nanoparticles Effects on In Vitro Germination, Growth, and Biochemical Activity of Tomato, Radish, and Kale”
Claim · model-written summary
AgNPs-derived kale seedlings had higher fresh and dry shoot weights.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- Silver Nanoparticlest0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry shoot weightse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher fresh and dry shoot weights”
t0“Silver Nanoparticles Effects on In Vitro Germination, Growth, and Biochemical Activity of Tomato, Radish, and Kale”
Claim · model-written summary
AgNPs-derived kale seedlings showed heterogeneous root biometric parameters.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Outcome
- heterogeneous biometric parameters of the rootse0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher heterogeneous biometric parameters of the roots”
t0“Kale”
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