Abstract
The effects of root exudates and irrigation with treated wastewater on heavy metal mobility and soil bacterial composition under intercropping remain poorly understood. We conducted a pot experiment with maize and soybean grown in monocultures or intercultures, irrigated with either groundwater or treated wastewater. In addition, the pre-collected root exudates from hydroponic culture with mono- or inter-cropped maize and soybean were applied to the soil at four levels (0 %, 16 %, 32 % and 64 %). The results showed that application of root exudates increased plant growth and soil nutrient content. The analysis of "Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution" for higher plant biomass and lower soil Cd and Pb concentrations indicated that the best performance of soybean under treated wastewater irrigation was recorded under intercropping applied with 64 % of exudates, with a performance score of 0.926 and 0.953 for Cd and Pb, respectively. The second-best performance of maize under treated wastewater irrigation was also observed under intercropping applied with 64 % of exudates. Root exudate application reduced heavy metals migration in the soil-plant system, with a greater impact in intercropping than in monocropping. In addition, certain soil microorganisms were also increased with root exudate application, regardless of irrigation water. This study suggests that appropriate application of root exudates could potentially improve plant growth and soil health, and reduce toxic heavy metal concentrations in soils and plants irrigated with treated wastewater.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Root exudate application increased maize and soybean growth.
- Taxon
- maize and soybean
Glycine max
Zea mayst0 - Treatment
- application of root exudatese0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that application of root exudates increased plant growth and soil nutrient content.”
t0“maize and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Root exudate application increased soil nutrient content.
- Taxon
- maize and soybeanGlycine maxZea mayst0
- Treatment
- application of root exudatese0
- Outcome
- soil nutrient contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that application of root exudates increased plant growth and soil nutrient content.”
t0“maize and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean under treated wastewater irrigation had best combined biomass and soil Cd performance with intercropping and 64 % exudates; score 0.926.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- intercropping applied with 64 % of exudatese0
- Outcome
- performance of soybeane0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 0.926e0
- Qualifier
- Cde0
- Setting
- treated wastewater irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The analysis of "Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution" for higher plant biomass and lower soil Cd and Pb concentrations indicated that the best performance of soybean under treated wastewater irrigation was recorded under intercropping applied with 64 % of exudates, with a performance score of 0.926 and 0.953 for Cd and Pb, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean under treated wastewater irrigation had best combined biomass and soil Pb performance with intercropping and 64 % exudates; score 0.953.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- intercropping applied with 64 % of exudatese0
- Outcome
- performance of soybeane0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 0.953e0
- Qualifier
- Pbe0
- Setting
- treated wastewater irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The analysis of "Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution" for higher plant biomass and lower soil Cd and Pb concentrations indicated that the best performance of soybean under treated wastewater irrigation was recorded under intercropping applied with 64 % of exudates, with a performance score of 0.926 and 0.953 for Cd and Pb, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize under treated wastewater irrigation had second-best performance with intercropping and 64 % exudates.
- Treatment
- intercropping applied with 64 % of exudatese0
- Outcome
- performance of maizee0
- Direction
- second-beste0
- Setting
- treated wastewater irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The second-best performance of maize under treated wastewater irrigation was also observed under intercropping applied with 64 % of exudates.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root exudate application reduced heavy metal migration in the soil-plant system.
- Taxon
- maize and soybeanGlycine maxZea mayst0
- Treatment
- Root exudate applicatione0
- Outcome
- heavy metals migration in the soil-plant systeme0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root exudate application reduced heavy metals migration in the soil-plant system, with a greater impact in intercropping than in monocropping.”
t0“maize and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Root exudate application had a greater effect on heavy metal migration under intercropping than monocropping.
- Taxon
- maize and soybeanGlycine maxZea mayst0
- Treatment
- Root exudate applicatione0
- Outcome
- heavy metals migration in the soil-plant systeme0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- monocroppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root exudate application reduced heavy metals migration in the soil-plant system, with a greater impact in intercropping than in monocropping.”
t0“maize and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Root exudate application increased certain soil microorganisms regardless of irrigation water.
- Taxon
- maize and soybeanGlycine maxZea mayst0
- Treatment
- root exudate applicatione0
- Outcome
- certain soil microorganismse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- regardless of irrigation watere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, certain soil microorganisms were also increased with root exudate application, regardless of irrigation water.”
t0“maize and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest appropriate root exudate application could improve plant growth and soil health under treated wastewater irrigation.
- Taxon
- maize and soybeanGlycine maxZea mayst0
- Treatment
- appropriate application of root exudatese0
- Outcome
- improve plant growth and soil healthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study suggests that appropriate application of root exudates could potentially improve plant growth and soil health, and reduce toxic heavy metal concentrations in soils and plants irrigated with treated wastewater.”
t0“maize and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest appropriate root exudate application could reduce toxic heavy metal concentrations in soils and plants irrigated with treated wastewater.
- Taxon
- maize and soybeanGlycine maxZea mayst0
- Treatment
- appropriate application of root exudatese0
- Outcome
- reduce toxic heavy metal concentrations in soils and plantse0
- Setting
- treated wastewatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study suggests that appropriate application of root exudates could potentially improve plant growth and soil health, and reduce toxic heavy metal concentrations in soils and plants irrigated with treated wastewater.”
t0“maize and soybean”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.