Abstract
Lilium plants are one of the most important and widely distributed ornamental crops in the world. However, these plants are also susceptible to salinity, an environmental factor that is one of the main ones worldwide. Salinity negatively affects the development and productivity of plants, in addition to the fact that it can affect the quality of flowers in ornamental crops. The use of nanotechnology can be a useful tool to counteract the negative effects of salinity, since the application of nanoparticles can function as a biostimulant and induce positive responses against different types of abiotic stress. In the present study, the foliar application of two types and concentrations of calcium-silicon nanoparticles (Ca-Si NPs) (500 and 750 mg L−1) in lilium plants grown with or without stress and under saline stress (30 mM NaCl) was evaluated. The differences between both nanoparticles were the size and content of inorganic residues, where CaSi-1 had a size of 23.29 nm and a content of inorganic residues of 62.0%, while CaSi-2 had a size of 15.29 nm and a content of inorganic residues of 87.0%. The results showed that salinity affected the quality of the flowers, as well as the biochemical parameters of the plants. In contrast, the application of Ca-Si NPs induced positive effects on flower quality, improved flower size and fresh biomass. Under salt stress conditions, the application of Ca-Si NPs in lilium improved the biochemical parameters, increased the content of chlorophylls (up to 38.1%), vitamin C (9.4%), and antioxidant capacity (19.2-23.8%) in the leaves. Regarding the stress indicators in the leaves, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was not affected by salinity or by the Ca-Si NPs, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) increased by the application of the NPs, however, under saline stress there were no differences. In lilium flowers without salt stress, both H2O2 and MDA increased by the application of Ca-Si NPs, while under salt stress only MDA increased. The use of Ca-Si NPs can be an alternative to counteract the harmful effects of salinity stress in plants.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
CaSi-1 particles measured 23.29 nm.
LiliumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaSi-1 had a size of 23.29 nm”
t0“Lilium”
Claim · model-written summary
CaSi-1 inorganic residues were 62.0%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaSi-1 had a size of 23.29 nm and a content of inorganic residues of 62.0%”
t0“Lilium”
Claim · model-written summary
CaSi-2 particles measured 15.29 nm.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaSi-2 had a size of 15.29 nm”
t0“Lilium”
Claim · model-written summary
CaSi-2 inorganic residues were 87.0%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaSi-2 had a size of 15.29 nm and a content of inorganic residues of 87.0%”
t0“Lilium”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity affected flower quality and biochemical parameters.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity affected the quality of the flowers, as well as the biochemical parameters of the plants.”
t0“Lilium”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium-silicon nanoparticles improved flower size and fresh biomass.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of Ca-Si NPs induced positive effects on flower quality, improved flower size and fresh biomass.”
t0“Lilium”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, nanoparticles increased leaf chlorophyll content by up to 38.1%.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- application of Ca-Si NPse0
- Outcome
- content of chlorophyllse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- up to 38.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salt stress conditions, the application of Ca-Si NPs in lilium improved the biochemical parameters, increased the content of chlorophylls (up to 38.1%), vitamin C (9.4%), and antioxidant capacity (19.2-23.8%) in the leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, nanoparticles increased leaf vitamin C by 9.4%.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the content of chlorophylls (up to 38.1%), vitamin C (9.4%), and antioxidant capacity (19.2-23.8%) in the leaves.”
t0“Lilium”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, nanoparticles increased leaf antioxidant capacity by 19.2–23.8%.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the content of chlorophylls (up to 38.1%), vitamin C (9.4%), and antioxidant capacity (19.2-23.8%) in the leaves.”
t0“Lilium”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf hydrogen peroxide was unaffected by salinity or nanoparticles.
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- salinity or by the Ca-Si NPse0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)e0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was not affected by salinity or by the Ca-Si NPs”
t0“Lilium”
e1“Regarding the stress indicators in the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles increased leaf malondialdehyde.
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- application of the NPse0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the malondialdehyde (MDA) increased by the application of the NPs”
t0“Lilium”
e1“Regarding the stress indicators in the leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Under saline stress there were no differences in leaf malondialdehyde.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under saline stress there were no differences.”
t0“Lilium”
Claim · model-written summary
Without salt stress, nanoparticles increased flower hydrogen peroxide.
- Organ / stage
- flowerse0
- Treatment
- application of Ca-Si NPse0
- Outcome
- H2O2e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- without salt stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In lilium flowers without salt stress, both H2O2 and MDA increased by the application of Ca-Si NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Without salt stress, nanoparticles increased flower malondialdehyde.
- Organ / stage
- flowerse0
- Treatment
- application of Ca-Si NPse0
- Outcome
- MDAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- without salt stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In lilium flowers without salt stress, both H2O2 and MDA increased by the application of Ca-Si NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, nanoparticles increased flower malondialdehyde alone.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under salt stress only MDA increased.”
t0“Lilium”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose nanoparticles as an alternative against harmful salinity effects.
- Outcome
- alternative to counteract the harmful effects of salinity stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of Ca-Si NPs can be an alternative to counteract the harmful effects of salinity stress in plants.”
t0“Lilium”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · growth · LiliumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
nanoparticle · growth · LiliumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.