Abstract
Introduction: Powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Uncinula necator, is a prevalent and harmful disease affecting grapevines, resulting in decreased fruit set and yield. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various fungicides and spray timings in managing U. necator in grape vineyards. Methods: A field trial was conducted in Pishin, Balochistan in 2020, employing a randomized complete block design with two factors: four fungicides (control, protective fungicide-Bordeaux mixture, curative fungicide-Elite 45 wp, systemic fungicide-Quintec) and four spray timings (dormant spray, bud break, one week before bloom, and berry formation). Results: The findings revealed significant variations in disease severity (PDI) among leaves, inflorescence, and bunches across different fungicides, spray timings, and their interactions. Application of the protective fungicide one week before bloom proved highly effective in preventing U. necator infection, resulting in the lowest PDI values for leaves (0.44%), inflorescence (0.67%), and bunches (0.0%). Curative fungicides sprayed at bloom stage also reduced PDI for inflorescence (2.17%) and bunches (3.56%). Systemic fungicides applied during berry formation exhibited lower PDI for inflorescence (6.44%) and bunches (4.0%) compared to other fungicides. The highest grape production (27.10 t ha-1) was achieved with the protective fungicide sprayed at bloom stage, followed by the curative fungicide at bloom stage (25.87 t ha-1). The negative and highly significant relationship (R2=0.809) between PDI of leaves and grape yield indicated that higher disease severity led to decreased yield. Conclusion: In conclusion, a protective fungicide spray before bloom, followed by a systemic fungicide spray at berry formation, effectively controls U. necator and ensures healthier and higher grape yields.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Protective fungicide applied one week before bloom gave the lowest PDI on leaves, 0.44%.
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- Application of the protective fungicide one week before bloome1
- Interactor
- U. necator
Erysiphe necatore1pathogen - Outcome
- PDI valuese1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 0.44%e1
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“is a prevalent and harmful disease affecting grapevines”
e1“Application of the protective fungicide one week before bloom proved highly effective in preventing U. necator infection, resulting in the lowest PDI values for leaves (0.44%), inflorescence (0.67%), and bunches (0.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Protective fungicide applied one week before bloom gave the lowest PDI on inflorescence, 0.67%.
- Organ / stage
- inflorescencee1
- Treatment
- Application of the protective fungicide one week before bloome1
- Interactor
- U. necatorErysiphe necatore1pathogen
- Outcome
- PDI valuese1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 0.67%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“is a prevalent and harmful disease affecting grapevines”
e1“Application of the protective fungicide one week before bloom proved highly effective in preventing U. necator infection, resulting in the lowest PDI values for leaves (0.44%), inflorescence (0.67%), and bunches (0.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Protective fungicide applied one week before bloom gave the lowest PDI on bunches, 0.0%.
- Organ / stage
- bunchese1
- Treatment
- Application of the protective fungicide one week before bloome1
- Interactor
- U. necatorErysiphe necatore1pathogen
- Outcome
- PDI valuese1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 0.0%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“is a prevalent and harmful disease affecting grapevines”
e1“Application of the protective fungicide one week before bloom proved highly effective in preventing U. necator infection, resulting in the lowest PDI values for leaves (0.44%), inflorescence (0.67%), and bunches (0.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Curative fungicides sprayed at bloom reduced PDI on inflorescence, 2.17%.
- Organ / stage
- inflorescencee2
- Treatment
- Curative fungicides sprayed at bloom stagee2
- Outcome
- PDIe2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 2.17%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“is a prevalent and harmful disease affecting grapevines”
e2“Curative fungicides sprayed at bloom stage also reduced PDI for inflorescence (2.17%) and bunches (3.56%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Curative fungicides sprayed at bloom reduced PDI on bunches, 3.56%.
- Organ / stage
- bunchese2
- Treatment
- Curative fungicides sprayed at bloom stagee2
- Outcome
- PDIe2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 3.56%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“is a prevalent and harmful disease affecting grapevines”
e2“Curative fungicides sprayed at bloom stage also reduced PDI for inflorescence (2.17%) and bunches (3.56%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Systemic fungicides applied during berry formation gave lower PDI on inflorescence, 6.44%, than other fungicides.
- Organ / stage
- inflorescencee3
- Treatment
- Systemic fungicides applied during berry formatione3
- Outcome
- PDIe3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Value
- 6.44%e3
- Comparator
- other fungicidese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“is a prevalent and harmful disease affecting grapevines”
e3“Systemic fungicides applied during berry formation exhibited lower PDI for inflorescence (6.44%) and bunches (4.0%) compared to other fungicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Systemic fungicides applied during berry formation gave lower PDI on bunches, 4.0%, than other fungicides.
- Organ / stage
- bunchese3
- Treatment
- Systemic fungicides applied during berry formatione3
- Outcome
- PDIe3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Value
- 4.0%e3
- Comparator
- other fungicidese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“is a prevalent and harmful disease affecting grapevines”
e3“Systemic fungicides applied during berry formation exhibited lower PDI for inflorescence (6.44%) and bunches (4.0%) compared to other fungicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Protective fungicide sprayed at bloom gave the highest grape production, 27.10 t ha-1, above curative fungicide at bloom at 25.87 t ha-1.
- Treatment
- protective fungicide sprayed at bloom stagee4
- Outcome
- grape productione4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 27.10 t ha-1e4
- Qualifier
- 25.87 t ha-1e4
- Comparator
- curative fungicide at bloom stagee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“is a prevalent and harmful disease affecting grapevines”
e4“The highest grape production (27.10 t ha-1) was achieved with the protective fungicide sprayed at bloom stage, followed by the curative fungicide at bloom stage (25.87 t ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease severity varied significantly among fungicides, spray timings and their interactions.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“is a prevalent and harmful disease affecting grapevines”
e5“significant variations in disease severity (PDI) among leaves, inflorescence, and bunches across different fungicides, spray timings, and their interactions”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher PDI on leaves was associated with lower grape yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“is a prevalent and harmful disease affecting grapevines”
e6“The negative and highly significant relationship (R2=0.809) between PDI of leaves and grape yield indicated that higher disease severity led to decreased yield”
Claim · model-written summary
A protective fungicide spray before bloom, followed by a systemic spray at berry formation, is recommended to control U. necator and raise grape yields.
- Interactor
- U. necatorErysiphe necatore7pathogen
- Outcome
- a protective fungicide spray before bloom, followed by a systemic fungicide spray at berry formatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“is a prevalent and harmful disease affecting grapevines”
e7“a protective fungicide spray before bloom, followed by a systemic fungicide spray at berry formation, effectively controls U. necator and ensures healthier and higher grape yields”
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