Abstract
Summary In leaves of C 4 plants, the reactions of photosynthesis become restricted between two compartments. Typically, this allows accumulation of C 4 acids in mesophyll (M) cells and subsequent decarboxylation in the bundle sheath (BS). In C 4 grasses, proliferation of plasmodesmata between these cell types is thought to increase cell‐to‐cell connectivity to allow efficient metabolite movement. However, it is not known whether C 4 dicotyledons also show this enhanced plasmodesmal connectivity and so whether this is a general requirement for C 4 photosynthesis is not clear. How M and BS cells in C 4 leaves become highly connected is also not known. We investigated these questions using 3D‐ and 2D‐electron microscopy on the C 4 dicotyledon Gynandropsis gynandra as well as phylogenetically close C 3 relatives. The M–BS interface of C 4 G. gynandra showed higher plasmodesmal frequency compared with closely related C 3 species. Formation of these plasmodesmata was induced by light. Pharmacological agents that perturbed photosynthesis reduced the number of plasmodesmata, but this inhibitory effect could be reversed by the provision of exogenous sucrose. We conclude that enhanced formation of plasmodesmata between M and BS cells is wired to the induction of photosynthesis in C 4 G. gynandra .
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Plasmodesmal frequency at the M-BS interface was higher in C4 G. gynandra than in closely related C3 species.
- Taxon
- G. gynandra
Gynandropsis gynandrae1 - Organ / stage
- M–BS interfacee1
- Outcome
- plasmodesmal frequencye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- closely related C 3 speciese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the C 4 dicotyledon Gynandropsis gynandra”
e1“The M–BS interface of C 4 G. gynandra showed higher plasmodesmal frequency compared with closely related C 3 species”
Claim · model-written summary
Formation of plasmodesmata between M and BS cells was induced by light.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandraGynandropsis gynandrae0
- Treatment
- lighte2
- Outcome
- Formation of these plasmodesmatae2
- Direction
- inducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the C 4 dicotyledon Gynandropsis gynandra”
e2“Formation of these plasmodesmata was induced by light”
Claim · model-written summary
Pharmacological agents that perturbed photosynthesis reduced the number of plasmodesmata.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandraGynandropsis gynandrae0
- Treatment
- Pharmacological agents that perturbed photosynthesise3
- Outcome
- number of plasmodesmatae3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the C 4 dicotyledon Gynandropsis gynandra”
e3“Pharmacological agents that perturbed photosynthesis reduced the number of plasmodesmata”
Claim · model-written summary
The inhibitory effect of photosynthesis perturbation on plasmodesmata was reversed by exogenous sucrose.
- Taxon
- Gynandropsis gynandraGynandropsis gynandrae0
- Treatment
- the provision of exogenous sucrosee4
- Outcome
- inhibitory effecte4
- Direction
- reversede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the C 4 dicotyledon Gynandropsis gynandra”
e4“this inhibitory effect could be reversed by the provision of exogenous sucrose”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced formation of plasmodesmata between M and BS cells is wired to the induction of photosynthesis in C4 G. gynandra.
- Taxon
- G. gynandraGynandropsis gynandrae5
- Outcome
- enhanced formation of plasmodesmata between M and BS cellse5
- Qualifier
- induction of photosynthesise5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the C 4 dicotyledon Gynandropsis gynandra”
e5“We conclude that enhanced formation of plasmodesmata between M and BS cells is wired to the induction of photosynthesis in C 4 G. gynandra”