Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a vital grain crop cultivated globally, which ranks third after wheat and rice. Its consumption in Egypt is primarily for human food, livestock and poultry feed, and raw materials for industrial products, such as, oil and starch. The main environmental factors that limit crop productivity worldwide include salinity, drought, and nutrient imbalance. Plant Growth regulators (PGR), such as, gibberellic acid (GA3) and mepiquat chloride (M.C), reduce the dramatic impacts of salinity and drought on crop growth and yield. This experiment sought to verify the influence of foliar spray application of GA3 and M.C as growth regulators on the growth metrics, chemical components, and maize harvest cultivated in calcareous soil under salinity during the summer of 2021 and 2022, respectively. The following treatments comprised foliar applications of 50 ppm GA3, 100 ppm GA3, 100 ppm M.C, and 250 ppm M.C, applied three times every season. It is clear from the results that foliar application of gibberellic (GA3) and mepiquat chloride (M.C) enhanced growth metrics, biochemical parameters, nutritional content, yield and its components, and oil percentage. After treatment with 100 ppm GA3 and 250 ppm M.C foliar spray, the yield and its constituents and oil percentage achieved the highest shares, with substantial differences between the two treatments. Compared with the control, treatments with 100 ppm GA3 and 250 ppm M.C increased grain yield by 33% and 29.9%, respectively. The study concluded that the most effective therapy for improving maize growth, development, and output under salt stress was 100 ppm GA3 and 250 ppm M.C foliar application during the growth stages. Administering GA3 and M.C mitigated successfully the damage caused by salt stress. Under salinity, gibberellic acid and mepiquat chloride addition increased the growth of maize, chlorophyll content, soluble protein, proline, and the concentration of K+ ions while decreasing the oxidative stress and the accumulation of Na+ ions.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar GA3 and mepiquat chloride enhanced growth metrics, biochemical parameters and nutritional content of maize under salinity.
- Treatment
- foliar application of gibberellic (GA3) and mepiquat chloride (M.C)e0
- Outcome
- growth metrics, biochemical parameters, nutritional contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“MAIZE”
e0“foliar application of gibberellic (GA3) and mepiquat chloride (M.C) enhanced growth metrics, biochemical parameters, nutritional content, yield and its components, and oil percentage”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar GA3 and mepiquat chloride enhanced yield and its components and oil percentage of maize under salinity.
- Treatment
- foliar application of gibberellic (GA3) and mepiquat chloride (M.C)e0
- Outcome
- yield and its components, and oil percentagee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“MAIZE”
e0“foliar application of gibberellic (GA3) and mepiquat chloride (M.C) enhanced growth metrics, biochemical parameters, nutritional content, yield and its components, and oil percentage”
Claim · model-written summary
After 100 ppm GA3 and 250 ppm M.C foliar spray, yield, its constituents and oil percentage achieved the highest shares, with substantial differences between the two treatments.
- Treatment
- 100 ppm GA3 and 250 ppm M.C foliar spraye0
- Outcome
- yield and its constituents and oil percentagee0
- Direction
- highest sharese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“MAIZE”
e0“After treatment with 100 ppm GA3 and 250 ppm M.C foliar spray, the yield and its constituents and oil percentage achieved the highest shares”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with the control, 100 ppm GA3 increased grain yield of maize by 33%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“MAIZE”
e0“Compared with the control, treatments with 100 ppm GA3 and 250 ppm M.C increased grain yield by 33% and 29.9%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with the control, 250 ppm M.C increased grain yield of maize by 29.9%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“MAIZE”
e0“Compared with the control, treatments with 100 ppm GA3 and 250 ppm M.C increased grain yield by 33% and 29.9%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity, GA3 and mepiquat chloride addition increased maize growth, chlorophyll content and soluble protein.
- Treatment
- gibberellic acid and mepiquat chloride additione0
- Outcome
- growth of maize, chlorophyll content, soluble proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gibberellic acid and mepiquat chloride addition increased the growth of maize, chlorophyll content, soluble protein”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity, GA3 and mepiquat chloride addition increased proline and the concentration of K+ ions in maize.
- Treatment
- gibberellic acid and mepiquat chloride additione0
- Outcome
- proline, and the concentration of K+ ionse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gibberellic acid and mepiquat chloride addition increased the growth of maize, chlorophyll content, soluble protein, proline, and the concentration of K+ ions”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity, GA3 and mepiquat chloride addition decreased oxidative stress and the accumulation of Na+ ions in maize.
- Treatment
- gibberellic acid and mepiquat chloride additione0
- Outcome
- the oxidative stress and the accumulation of Na+ ionse0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gibberellic acid and mepiquat chloride addition increased the growth of maize, chlorophyll content, soluble protein, proline, and the concentration of K+ ions while decreasing the oxidative stress and the accumulation of Na+ ions”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that 100 ppm GA3 and 250 ppm M.C foliar application during the growth stages was the most effective therapy for improving maize growth, development and output under salt stress.
- Treatment
- 100 ppm GA3 and 250 ppm M.C foliar applicatione0
- Outcome
- most effective therapy for improving maize growth, development, and outpute0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study concluded that the most effective therapy for improving maize growth, development, and output under salt stress was 100 ppm GA3 and 250 ppm M.C foliar application during the growth stages”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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mepiquat chloride · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
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See all 5 papers →chloride · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 5 papers →Gibberellic acid · physiology: oxidative · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 6 papers →application · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
309 papers in the same direction as this paper · 25 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
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333 papers more in this group
See all 337 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.