Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) individually and combined with fertilization levels of superphosphate (SP) in rock phosphate form and potassium sulfate (PS) on sesame plant growth, productivity, and nutrient uptake. Results showed that AMF inoculation combined with different SP and PS rates significantly decreased seedling root rot and charcoal rot diseases compared with untreated control. Also, root colonization with AMF of sesame was high in the plants treated with SP at the low-level AMF+SP (2.0), which was more and significantly effective for decreasing disease incidence gradually with increasing the fertility level of SP. The yield components of sesame plants treated with AMF in the presence of SP and RF levels significantly increased compared to the control of non-treated plants. The results showed that the AMF increased the nutrient uptake of (PO4, K, and Na in shoots and roots. AMF also can enhance the activity of enzymes involved in synthesizing sucrose, an essential sugar in plant metabolism, while reducing the activity of enzymes involved in the breakdown of sucrose. The AMF can increase levels of soluble sugars, proteins, and amino acid production in the plant. In conclusion, sesame cultivation in the presence of AMF with low SP and PS fertilizers can improve plant growth, nutrient uptake, and production.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation combined with different SP and PS rates significantly decreased seedling root rot and charcoal rot in sesame compared with untreated control.
- Taxon
- sesame
Sesamum indicumt0 - Treatment
- AMF inoculation combined with different SP and PS ratese1
- Outcome
- seedling root rot and charcoal rot diseasese1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“AMF inoculation combined with different SP and PS rates significantly decreased seedling root rot and charcoal rot diseases compared with untreated control”
t0“Charcoal Rot of Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
Root colonization with AMF of sesame was high in plants treated with SP at the low-level AMF+SP (2.0).
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Interactor
- AMFe2symbiont
- Outcome
- root colonization with AMFe2
- Qualifier
- high in the plants treated with SP at the low-level AMF+SP (2.0)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“root colonization with AMF of sesame was high in the plants treated with SP at the low-level AMF+SP (2.0)”
t0“Charcoal Rot of Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the fertility level of SP gradually decreased sesame disease incidence in AMF-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- fertility level of SPe3
- Outcome
- disease incidencee3
- Direction
- decreasinge3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“significantly effective for decreasing disease incidence gradually with increasing the fertility level of SP”
t0“Charcoal Rot of Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF in the presence of SP and PS levels significantly increased yield components of sesame compared with non-treated plants.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- AMF in the presence of SP and RF levelse4
- Outcome
- yield componentse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- control of non-treated plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The yield components of sesame plants treated with AMF in the presence of SP and RF levels significantly increased compared to the control of non-treated plants”
t0“Charcoal Rot of Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased nutrient uptake of PO4, K and Na in sesame shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- AMFe5
- Interactor
- AMFe5symbiont
- Outcome
- nutrient uptake of (PO4, K, and Na in shoots and rootse5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The results showed that the AMF increased the nutrient uptake of (PO4, K, and Na in shoots and roots”
t0“Charcoal Rot of Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF enhanced the activity of enzymes involved in sucrose synthesis in sesame.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- AMFe6
- Outcome
- activity of enzymes involved in synthesizing sucrosee6
- Direction
- enhancee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“AMF also can enhance the activity of enzymes involved in synthesizing sucrose, an essential sugar in plant metabolism, while reducing the activity of enzymes involved in the breakdown of sucrose”
t0“Charcoal Rot of Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF reduced the activity of enzymes involved in sucrose breakdown in sesame.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- AMFe6
- Outcome
- activity of enzymes involved in the breakdown of sucrosee6
- Direction
- reducinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“AMF also can enhance the activity of enzymes involved in synthesizing sucrose, an essential sugar in plant metabolism, while reducing the activity of enzymes involved in the breakdown of sucrose”
t0“Charcoal Rot of Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased levels of soluble sugars, proteins and amino acids in sesame plants.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- AMFe7
- Outcome
- levels of soluble sugars, proteins, and amino acid productione7
- Direction
- increasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The AMF can increase levels of soluble sugars, proteins, and amino acid production in the plant”
t0“Charcoal Rot of Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesame cultivation with AMF and low SP and PS fertilizers is recommended to improve plant growth, nutrient uptake and production.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- sesame cultivation in the presence of AMF with low SP and PS fertilizerse7
- Outcome
- plant growth, nutrient uptake, and productione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“sesame cultivation in the presence of AMF with low SP and PS fertilizers can improve plant growth, nutrient uptake, and production”
t0“Charcoal Rot of Sesame”
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