Abstract
The septoriose (Septoria lycopersici) is an important disease in tomato production and can lead to significant losses. Although there are active ingredients registered for the control of this disease, there is little study about products with alternatives for the control of the fungus S. lycopersici. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the effect of alternative products in controlling the septoriose. The rationale for the study was to find efficient products that are less harmful to the environment. The study was conducted at the experimental station of EPAGRI in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Twelve products were tested to control Septoria: Bacillus subtilis QST 713 (274 mg/L a.i.), Bacillus subtilis QST 713 autoclaved (274 mg/L a.i.), lime sulfur (10,000 mg/L c.p.), benzalkonium chloride (250 mg/L a.i.), mixed mineral fertilizer ( 2,000 mg/L c.p.), sodium hypochlorite (320 mg/L a.i.), peracetic acid (5,440 mg/L a.i.), Bordeaux mixture (3,000 mg/L c.p.), Viçosa mixture (3,000 mg/L c.p.), Trichoderma harzianum Rifai ESALQ-1306 (600 mg/L a.i.), acibenzolar-S-methyl (25 mg/L a.i.), potassium phosphite (2,000 mg/L a.i. with 1,340 mg/L phosphorous acid) and biostimulant (200 mg/L c.p.). The doses used were based on label, previous tests in vitro and in phytotoxicity events in tomato plants. In the in vitro experiments, the products that were not able to promote the formation of an inhibition halo were: biostimulant, potassium phosphite, acibenzolar-S-methyl, Trichoderma harzianum, Viçosa mixture and Bordeaux mixture. The products B. subtilis, lime sulfur, benzalkonium chloride, mixed mineral fertilizer, peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite and autoclaved B. subtilis were able to inhibit fungal growth in vitro, forming a halo of inhibition. The chemical fungicides mancozeb + pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad were used as a positive control. In vivo, the positive control was able to control 100% of the incidence and severity of Septoria and no symptoms were observed in the plants. For incidence, the products that controlled at least 80% of the disease were lime sulfur and mixed mineral fertilizer. When considering the disease severity, the products that controlled at least 80% of the disease were: lime sulfur, mixed mineral fertilizer, Bacillus subtilis QST713 and benzalkonium chloride. The products Bordeaux mixture, Viçosa mixture, sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid caused phytotoxicity when applied to tomato plants. Although lime sulfur has shown promise, its successive application can lead to a decrease in the photosynthetic rate.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis QST 713, lime sulfur and benzalkonium chloride inhibited Septoria lycopersici growth in vitro, forming inhibition halos.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- B. subtilis, lime sulfur, benzalkonium chloridee1
- Interactor
- Septoria lycopersici
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Septoria lycopersicie0pathogen - Outcome
- inhibit fungal growth in vitroe1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The septoriose (Septoria lycopersici) is an important disease in tomato production”
e1“The products B. subtilis, lime sulfur, benzalkonium chloride, mixed mineral fertilizer, peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite and autoclaved B. subtilis were able to inhibit fungal growth in vitro, forming a halo of inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed mineral fertilizer, peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite inhibited Septoria lycopersici growth in vitro, forming inhibition halos.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- mixed mineral fertilizer, peracetic acid, sodium hypochloritee1
- Interactor
- Septoria lycopersiciSeptoria lycopersicie0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibit fungal growth in vitroe1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The septoriose (Septoria lycopersici) is an important disease in tomato production”
e1“The products B. subtilis, lime sulfur, benzalkonium chloride, mixed mineral fertilizer, peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite and autoclaved B. subtilis were able to inhibit fungal growth in vitro, forming a halo of inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Autoclaved Bacillus subtilis inhibited Septoria lycopersici growth in vitro, forming inhibition halos.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- autoclaved B. subtilise1
- Interactor
- Septoria lycopersiciSeptoria lycopersicie0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibit fungal growth in vitroe1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The septoriose (Septoria lycopersici) is an important disease in tomato production”
e1“The products B. subtilis, lime sulfur, benzalkonium chloride, mixed mineral fertilizer, peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite and autoclaved B. subtilis were able to inhibit fungal growth in vitro, forming a halo of inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Biostimulant, potassium phosphite and acibenzolar-S-methyl did not promote inhibition halos against Septoria lycopersici in vitro.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- biostimulant, potassium phosphite, acibenzolar-S-methyle2
- Interactor
- Septoria lycopersiciSeptoria lycopersicie0pathogen
- Outcome
- the formation of an inhibition haloe2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The septoriose (Septoria lycopersici) is an important disease in tomato production”
e2“the products that were not able to promote the formation of an inhibition halo were: biostimulant, potassium phosphite, acibenzolar-S-methyl, Trichoderma harzianum, Viçosa mixture and Bordeaux mixture”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma harzianum, Viçosa mixture and Bordeaux mixture did not promote inhibition halos against Septoria lycopersici in vitro.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma harzianum, Viçosa mixture and Bordeaux mixturee2
- Interactor
- Septoria lycopersiciSeptoria lycopersicie0pathogen
- Outcome
- the formation of an inhibition haloe2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The septoriose (Septoria lycopersici) is an important disease in tomato production”
e2“the products that were not able to promote the formation of an inhibition halo were: biostimulant, potassium phosphite, acibenzolar-S-methyl, Trichoderma harzianum, Viçosa mixture and Bordeaux mixture”
Claim · model-written summary
The positive control mancozeb + pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad controlled 100% of the incidence and severity of Septoria in vivo.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- mancozeb + pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxade3
- Outcome
- incidence and severity of Septoriae3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Value
- 100%e3
SeptoriaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The septoriose (Septoria lycopersici) is an important disease in tomato production”
e3“The chemical fungicides mancozeb + pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad were used as a positive control. In vivo, the positive control was able to control 100% of the incidence and severity of Septoria and no symptoms were observed in the plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime sulfur and mixed mineral fertilizer controlled at least 80% of Septoria incidence in vivo.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- lime sulfur and mixed mineral fertilizere5
- Interactor
- Septoria lycopersiciSeptoria lycopersicie0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidencee5
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede5
- Value
- at least 80%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The septoriose (Septoria lycopersici) is an important disease in tomato production”
e5“For incidence, the products that controlled at least 80% of the disease were lime sulfur and mixed mineral fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime sulfur, mixed mineral fertilizer and Bacillus subtilis QST713 controlled at least 80% of Septoria severity in vivo.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- lime sulfur, mixed mineral fertilizer, Bacillus subtilis QST713e6
- Interactor
- Septoria lycopersiciSeptoria lycopersicie0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye6
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede6
- Value
- at least 80%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The septoriose (Septoria lycopersici) is an important disease in tomato production”
e6“When considering the disease severity, the products that controlled at least 80% of the disease were: lime sulfur, mixed mineral fertilizer, Bacillus subtilis QST713 and benzalkonium chloride”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzalkonium chloride controlled at least 80% of Septoria severity in vivo.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- benzalkonium chloridee6
- Interactor
- Septoria lycopersiciSeptoria lycopersicie0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye6
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede6
- Value
- at least 80%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The septoriose (Septoria lycopersici) is an important disease in tomato production”
e6“When considering the disease severity, the products that controlled at least 80% of the disease were: lime sulfur, mixed mineral fertilizer, Bacillus subtilis QST713 and benzalkonium chloride”
Claim · model-written summary
Bordeaux mixture and Viçosa mixture caused phytotoxicity on tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume7
- Treatment
- Bordeaux mixture, Viçosa mixturee7
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The products Bordeaux mixture, Viçosa mixture, sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid caused phytotoxicity when applied to tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid caused phytotoxicity on tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume7
- Treatment
- sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acide7
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The products Bordeaux mixture, Viçosa mixture, sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid caused phytotoxicity when applied to tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Successive application of lime sulfur can decrease the photosynthetic rate of tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- lime sulfure4
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee4
- Direction
- decreasee4
- Qualifier
- successive applicatione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The septoriose (Septoria lycopersici) is an important disease in tomato production”
e4“Although lime sulfur has shown promise, its successive application can lead to a decrease in the photosynthetic rate”
The same questions in other papers
sulfur atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
mancozeb · Septoria · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
fertilization · Septoria lycopersici · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.