Abstract
Notwithstanding the important roles of calcium and magnesium ions in plant growth and development,the use of fertilizers containing them is not yet a common agricultural practice in Cameroon. Such fertilizers were applied on the soil and leaves of three most cultivated varieties of tomato in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. The effects of these treatments on plant health, growth, development, and yield and fruit quality were determined. The combination of soil application of calcium nitrate and foliar sprays of fertilizer containing calcium (T1) led to significant reductions of the severity and incidence of Phytophthora infestans and Septoria lycopersici on leaves of Rio Grande and Rio de Grenier tomato plants seven days after the first foliar application (d.a.f.a) of liquid fertilizers. At the same time significant reductions in the incidence and severity of S. lycopersici were observed on leaves of Roma plants previously treated with a solution of the fertilizer containing magnesium (T2) or simultaneously treated with calcium and magnesium solutions (T3). Twenty-one d.a.f.a there were reductions in the severity of Alternaria solani on leaves of Rio Grande, Rio de Grenier and Roma plants that previously received T3. Applications of T3 also led to the reduction of the incidence and severity of Fulvia fulva on the leaves of both Rio Grande and Rio de Grenier 21 d.a.f.a. T3 was very effective in enhancing the growth in length and yield of Rio Grande and Rio de Grenier plants. The green-life of fruits produced by these two tomato varieties that received T1 was respectively 10 and 6 days longer than that of control fruits. T2 prolonged the shelf-life of fruits from those varieties by 4 and 12 days respectively. On the whole, Rio Grande and Rio de Grenier plant were the tomato varieties whose health, growth, development, yield and fruit quality parameters were the most positively affected by treatments with fertilizers containing calcium oder magnesium. Roma tomato plants were affected to a lesser extent by these treatments. These results could be interpreted in terms of a temporal shift in the resistance of tomato plants to P. infestans and S. lycopersici on the one hand and A. solani and F. fulva on the other hand and also in terms of similarities of responses of closely related tomato varieties to fertilizers.Keywords: Calcium, fungal diseases, green-life, magnesium, shelf-life, Solanum lycopersicum
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
T1 reduced severity and incidence of Phytophthora infestans on Rio Grande and Rio de Grenier leaves.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Material
- Rio Grande and Rio de Greniere0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- soil application of calcium nitrate and foliar sprays of fertilizer containing calcium (T1)e0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestanse0pathogen - Outcome
- severity and incidence of Phytophthora infestanse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Qualifier
- seven days after the first foliar applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of soil application of calcium nitrate and foliar sprays of fertilizer containing calcium (T1) led to significant reductions of the severity and incidence of Phytophthora infestans and Septoria lycopersici on leaves of Rio Grande and Rio de Grenier tomato plants seven days after the first foliar application (d.a.f.a) of liquid fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
T1 reduced Septoria lycopersici on Rio Grande and Rio de Grenier leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Rio Grande and Rio de Greniere0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- soil application of calcium nitrate and foliar sprays of fertilizer containing calcium (T1)e0
- Interactor
- Septoria lycopersici
.jpg?width=60)
Septoria lycopersicie0pathogen - Outcome
- Septoria lycopersicie0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Qualifier
- seven days after the first foliar applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The combination of soil application of calcium nitrate and foliar sprays of fertilizer containing calcium (T1) led to significant reductions of the severity and incidence of Phytophthora infestans and Septoria lycopersici on leaves of Rio Grande and Rio de Grenier tomato plants seven days after the first foliar application (d.a.f.a) of liquid fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment reduced Septoria incidence and severity on Roma leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Romae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- fertilizer containing magnesium (T2)e0
- Interactor
- S. lycopersiciSeptoria lycopersicie0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence and severity of S. lycopersicie0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant reductions in the incidence and severity of S. lycopersici were observed on leaves of Roma plants previously treated with a solution of the fertilizer containing magnesium (T2) or simultaneously treated with calcium and magnesium solutions (T3)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment reduced Septoria incidence and severity on Roma leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Romae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- calcium and magnesium solutions (T3)e0
- Interactor
- S. lycopersiciSeptoria lycopersicie0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence and severity of S. lycopersicie0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant reductions in the incidence and severity of S. lycopersici were observed on leaves of Roma plants previously treated with a solution of the fertilizer containing magnesium (T2) or simultaneously treated with calcium and magnesium solutions (T3)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 reduced Alternaria severity across three tomato varieties.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Rio Grande, Rio de Grenier and Romae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Interactor
- Alternaria solani
Alternaria solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- severity of Alternaria solanie0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Twenty-one d.a.f.a there were reductions in the severity of Alternaria solani on leaves of Rio Grande, Rio de Grenier and Roma plants that previously received T3”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 reduced Fulvia incidence and severity in two tomato varieties.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Rio Grande and Rio de Greniere0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Interactor
- Fulvia fulva
Fulvia fulvae0pathogen - Outcome
- incidence and severity of Fulvia fulvae0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T3 also led to the reduction of the incidence and severity of Fulvia fulva on the leaves of both Rio Grande and Rio de Grenier 21 d.a.f.a”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 enhanced length growth and yield in Rio Grande and Rio de Grenier.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Rio Grande and Rio de Greniere0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- growth in length and yielde0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T3 was very effective in enhancing the growth in length and yield of Rio Grande and Rio de Grenier plants”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
T1 extended fruit green life in Rio Grande by 10 and 6 days.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Rio Grandee1
- Treatment
- T1e0
- Outcome
- green-life of fruitse0
- Direction
- longere0
- Value
- 10 and 6 dayse0
- Comparator
- control fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The green-life of fruits produced by these two tomato varieties that received T1 was respectively 10 and 6 days longer than that of control fruits”
t0“tomato”
e1“on leaves of Rio Grande and Rio de Grenier tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
T1 extended fruit green life in Rio de Grenier by 6 days.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Rio de Greniere1
- Treatment
- T1e0
- Outcome
- green-life of fruitse0
- Direction
- longere0
- Value
- 6 dayse0
- Comparator
- control fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The green-life of fruits produced by these two tomato varieties that received T1 was respectively 10 and 6 days longer than that of control fruits”
t0“tomato”
e1“on leaves of Rio Grande and Rio de Grenier tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
T2 extended shelf life in Rio Grande by 4 and 12 days.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Rio Grandee1
- Treatment
- T2e0
- Outcome
- shelf-life of fruitse0
- Direction
- prolongede0
- Value
- 4 and 12 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T2 prolonged the shelf-life of fruits from those varieties by 4 and 12 days respectively”
t0“tomato”
e1“on leaves of Rio Grande and Rio de Grenier tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
T2 extended shelf life in Rio de Grenier by 12 days.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Rio de Greniere1
- Treatment
- T2e0
- Outcome
- shelf-life of fruitse0
- Direction
- prolongede0
- Value
- 12 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T2 prolonged the shelf-life of fruits from those varieties by 4 and 12 days respectively”
t0“tomato”
e1“on leaves of Rio Grande and Rio de Grenier tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Rio Grande and Rio de Grenier responded more positively than Roma.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Rio Grande and Rio de Greniere0
- Treatment
- fertilizers containing calcium oder magnesiume0
- Outcome
- health, growth, development, yield and fruit quality parameterse0
- Direction
- most positively affectede0
- Comparator
- Romae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rio Grande and Rio de Grenier plant were the tomato varieties whose health, growth, development, yield and fruit quality parameters were the most positively affected by treatments with fertilizers containing calcium oder magnesium. Roma tomato plants were affected to a lesser extent by these treatments”
The same questions in other papers
application · Phytophthora infestans · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →application · Septoria lycopersici · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
fertilization · Septoria lycopersici · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
fertilization · Phytophthora infestans · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.