Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION: This study identified biocontrol measures for improving plant quality and resistance under biotic stress caused by the most devastating pathogen in tomato production. The management of plant diseases are dependent on a variety of factors. Two important variables are the soil quality and its bacterial/fungal community. However, the interaction of these factors is not well understood and remains problematic in producing healthy crops. Here, the effect of oak-bark compost, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and two commercial products (FZB24 and FZB42) were investigated on tomato growth, production of metabolites and resistance under biotic stress condition (infection with Phytophthora infestans). Oak-bark compost, B. subtilis subsp. subtilis, and T. harzianum significantly enhanced plant growth and immunity when exposed to P. infestans. However, the commercial products were not as effective in promoting growth, with FZB42 having the weakest protection. Furthermore, elevated levels of anthocyanins did not correlate with enhanced plant resistance. Overall, the most effective and consistent plant protection was obtained when B. subtilis subsp. subtilis was combined with oak-bark compost. In contrast, the combination of T. harzianum and oak-bark compost resulted in increased disease severity. The use of compost in combination with bio-agents should, therefore, be evaluated carefully for a reliable and consistent tomato protection.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Oak-bark compost enhanced tomato growth and immunity under P. infestans infection.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Oak-bark composte0
- Interactor
- P. infestans
Phytophthora infestanse0pathogen - Outcome
- plant growth and immunitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oak-bark compost, B. subtilis subsp. subtilis, and T. harzianum significantly enhanced plant growth and immunity when exposed to P. infestans”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis subsp. subtilis enhanced tomato growth and immunity under P. infestans infection.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- B. subtilis subsp. subtilise0
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. subtilis subsp. subtilis
Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- plant growth and immunitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oak-bark compost, B. subtilis subsp. subtilis, and T. harzianum significantly enhanced plant growth and immunity when exposed to P. infestans”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
T. harzianum enhanced tomato growth and immunity under P. infestans infection.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- plant growth and immunitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oak-bark compost, B. subtilis subsp. subtilis, and T. harzianum significantly enhanced plant growth and immunity when exposed to P. infestans”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Commercial products were less effective at promoting tomato growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- the commercial productse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- not as effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the commercial products were not as effective in promoting growth”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
FZB42 gave the weakest protection of tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- FZB42e0
- Outcome
- protectione0
- Direction
- weakeste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FZB42 having the weakest protection”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated anthocyanins did not correlate with enhanced tomato resistance.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- anthocyaninse0
- Outcome
- plant resistancee0
- Direction
- did not correlatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated levels of anthocyanins did not correlate with enhanced plant resistance”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining B. subtilis subsp. subtilis with oak-bark compost gave the most effective and consistent tomato protection.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- B. subtilis subsp. subtilis was combined with oak-bark composte0
- Interactor
- B. subtilis subsp. subtilisBacillus subtilis subsp. subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plant protectione0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the most effective and consistent plant protection was obtained when B. subtilis subsp. subtilis was combined with oak-bark compost”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining T. harzianum with oak-bark compost increased disease severity in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- the combination of T. harzianum and oak-bark composte0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combination of T. harzianum and oak-bark compost resulted in increased disease severity”
t0“tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend careful evaluation of compost with bio-agents for consistent tomato protection.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- The use of compost in combination with bio-agents should, therefore, be evaluated carefullye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of compost in combination with bio-agents should, therefore, be evaluated carefully for a reliable and consistent tomato protection”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma harzianum · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 42 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
41 papers more in this group
See all 45 papers →Trichoderma harzianum · Phytophthora infestans · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
fertilization · control · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- negative
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →fertilization · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 94 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
107 papers more in this group
See all 111 papers →fertilization · Phytophthora infestans · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.