Abstract
Brinjal is sensitive to salinity, a common factor responsible for reducing its biomass and yield components. Recent research has demonstrated that citric acid/citrates can provide abiotic stress resistance in plants. In this study, Brinjal variety Pusakranti was treated with four concentrations of CA at 0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm applied foliarly under two levels of salt stress (0 mM and 60 mM NaCl) during spring 2021 with four replication per treatment. Salt stress reduced plant growth and yield attributes, pigments as well as metabolites in plants. Antioxidant enzyme activities of the plant increased compared to the non-stressed plants. While 300 ppm CA concentrations oenhanced the shoot and root fresh biomass (75% and 71.8 %) and dry biomass (82.5% and 40.7%), while 200 ppm CA application increased the fruits count by 50%, fruit diameter by 49% and leaf photosynthetic pigments by 61% compared to only salt-stressed plants. Similarly, CA application enhanced the antioxidants both enzymatic and non-enzymatic such as catalase by 42%, peroxidase by 66%, superoxide dismutase by 44%, polyphenol oxidase by 50% and Glutathione peroxidase by 37% compared to only salt stressed plants. Furthermore, 300 ppm CA application also promoted the content of primary metabolites such as total protein content by 75% and total free amino acids by 32% as well as improvement in secondary metabolites such as total phenols by 31% and flavonoids by 96% compared to only salt treated plants. Overall, the above described results suggested that the foliarly applied CA(200ppm) is a proficient approach which effectively counteract salt stress in brinjal by improving plant biomass, pigments, primary and secondary metabolites as well as modulating the the antioxidant defense system of the studied plant.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced brinjal growth and yield traits.
- Taxon
- brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
Solanum melongenat0 - Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- plant growth and yield attributese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress reduced plant growth and yield attributes, pigments as well as metabolites in plants.”
t0“brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced pigments and metabolites.
- Taxon
- brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse0
- Outcome
- pigments as well as metabolitese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress reduced plant growth and yield attributes, pigments as well as metabolites in plants.”
t0“brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Outcome
- Antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- non-stressed plantse0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antioxidant enzyme activities of the plant increased compared to the non-stressed plants.”
t0“brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
300 ppm CA raised shoot fresh biomass by 75%.
- Taxon
- brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- 300 ppm CAe0
- Outcome
- shoot and root fresh biomasse0
- Direction
- oenhancede0
- Value
- 75%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“300 ppm CA concentrations oenhanced the shoot and root fresh biomass (75% and 71.8 %) and dry biomass (82.5% and 40.7%)”
t0“brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
300 ppm CA raised root fresh biomass by 71.8%.
- Taxon
- brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- 300 ppm CAe0
- Outcome
- root fresh biomasse0
- Direction
- oenhancede0
- Value
- 71.8 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“300 ppm CA concentrations oenhanced the shoot and root fresh biomass (75% and 71.8 %) and dry biomass (82.5% and 40.7%)”
t0“brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
300 ppm CA raised shoot dry biomass by 82.5%.
- Taxon
- brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- 300 ppm CAe0
- Outcome
- dry biomasse0
- Direction
- oenhancede0
- Value
- 82.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“300 ppm CA concentrations oenhanced the shoot and root fresh biomass (75% and 71.8 %) and dry biomass (82.5% and 40.7%)”
t0“brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
300 ppm CA raised root dry biomass by 40.7%.
- Taxon
- brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- 300 ppm CAe0
- Outcome
- dry biomasse0
- Direction
- oenhancede0
- Value
- 40.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“300 ppm CA concentrations oenhanced the shoot and root fresh biomass (75% and 71.8 %) and dry biomass (82.5% and 40.7%)”
t0“brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
200 ppm CA increased fruit count by 50%.
- Taxon
- brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm CA applicatione0
- Outcome
- fruits counte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Comparator
- only salt-stressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“200 ppm CA application increased the fruits count by 50%, fruit diameter by 49% and leaf photosynthetic pigments by 61% compared to only salt-stressed plants.”
t0“brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
200 ppm CA increased fruit diameter by 49%.
- Taxon
- brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm CA applicatione0
- Outcome
- fruit diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 49%e0
- Comparator
- only salt-stressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“200 ppm CA application increased the fruits count by 50%, fruit diameter by 49% and leaf photosynthetic pigments by 61% compared to only salt-stressed plants.”
t0“brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
200 ppm CA increased leaf photosynthetic pigments by 61%.
- Taxon
- brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm CA applicatione0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 61%e0
- Comparator
- only salt-stressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“200 ppm CA application increased the fruits count by 50%, fruit diameter by 49% and leaf photosynthetic pigments by 61% compared to only salt-stressed plants.”
t0“brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CA increased catalase by 42%.
- Taxon
- brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- CA applicatione0
- Outcome
- catalasee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 42%e0
- Comparator
- only salt stressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CA application enhanced the antioxidants both enzymatic and non-enzymatic such as catalase by 42%, peroxidase by 66%, superoxide dismutase by 44%, polyphenol oxidase by 50% and Glutathione peroxidase by 37% compared to only salt stressed plants.”
t0“brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CA increased peroxidase by 66%.
- Taxon
- brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- CA applicatione0
- Outcome
- peroxidasee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 66%e0
- Comparator
- only salt stressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CA application enhanced the antioxidants both enzymatic and non-enzymatic such as catalase by 42%, peroxidase by 66%, superoxide dismutase by 44%, polyphenol oxidase by 50% and Glutathione peroxidase by 37% compared to only salt stressed plants.”
t0“brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CA increased superoxide dismutase by 44%.
- Taxon
- brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- CA applicatione0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 44%e0
- Comparator
- only salt stressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CA application enhanced the antioxidants both enzymatic and non-enzymatic such as catalase by 42%, peroxidase by 66%, superoxide dismutase by 44%, polyphenol oxidase by 50% and Glutathione peroxidase by 37% compared to only salt stressed plants.”
t0“brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CA increased polyphenol oxidase by 50%.
- Taxon
- brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- CA applicatione0
- Outcome
- polyphenol oxidasee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Comparator
- only salt stressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CA application enhanced the antioxidants both enzymatic and non-enzymatic such as catalase by 42%, peroxidase by 66%, superoxide dismutase by 44%, polyphenol oxidase by 50% and Glutathione peroxidase by 37% compared to only salt stressed plants.”
t0“brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CA increased glutathione peroxidase by 37%.
- Taxon
- brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- CA applicatione0
- Outcome
- Glutathione peroxidasee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 37%e0
- Comparator
- only salt stressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CA application enhanced the antioxidants both enzymatic and non-enzymatic such as catalase by 42%, peroxidase by 66%, superoxide dismutase by 44%, polyphenol oxidase by 50% and Glutathione peroxidase by 37% compared to only salt stressed plants.”
t0“brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
300 ppm CA increased total protein content by 75%.
- Taxon
- brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- 300 ppm CA applicatione0
- Outcome
- total protein contente0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Value
- 75%e0
- Comparator
- only salt treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“300 ppm CA application also promoted the content of primary metabolites such as total protein content by 75% and total free amino acids by 32% as well as improvement in secondary metabolites such as total phenols by 31% and flavonoids by 96% compared to only salt treated plants.”
t0“brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
300 ppm CA increased total free amino acids by 32%.
- Taxon
- brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- 300 ppm CA applicatione0
- Outcome
- total free amino acidse0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Value
- 32%e0
- Comparator
- only salt treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“300 ppm CA application also promoted the content of primary metabolites such as total protein content by 75% and total free amino acids by 32% as well as improvement in secondary metabolites such as total phenols by 31% and flavonoids by 96% compared to only salt treated plants.”
t0“brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
300 ppm CA improved total phenols by 31%.
- Taxon
- brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- 300 ppm CA applicatione0
- Outcome
- total phenolse0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 31%e0
- Comparator
- only salt treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“300 ppm CA application also promoted the content of primary metabolites such as total protein content by 75% and total free amino acids by 32% as well as improvement in secondary metabolites such as total phenols by 31% and flavonoids by 96% compared to only salt treated plants.”
t0“brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
300 ppm CA improved flavonoids by 96%.
- Taxon
- brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)Solanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- 300 ppm CA applicatione0
- Outcome
- flavonoidse0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 96%e0
- Comparator
- only salt treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“300 ppm CA application also promoted the content of primary metabolites such as total protein content by 75% and total free amino acids by 32% as well as improvement in secondary metabolites such as total phenols by 31% and flavonoids by 96% compared to only salt treated plants.”
t0“brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend 200 ppm foliar CA to counter salt stress in brinjal.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae0
- Outcome
- foliarly applied CA(200ppm)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliarly applied CA(200ppm) is a proficient approach which effectively counteract salt stress in brinjal”
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.