Abstract
In Ontario, volunteer glyphosate-resistant (GR) corn is one the most common annual grass escapes in GR soybean sprayed with glyphosate. Six field experiments were established in southwestern Ontario during 2021 and 2022 to determine volunteer GR corn control in soybean with glyphosate (900 g ae ha-1) + clethodim (45 g ai ha-1) plus three adjuvants. At 1, 2, and 4 WAA, there was no visible soybean injury from the herbicide treatments evaluated. At 1 WAA, glyphosate + clethodim controlled volunteer GR corn 23%; the addition of the adjuvants Amigo®, Journey HSOC®, and StrikeLock® at 0.5% v/v improved control to 45 to 49%; there was no statistical difference in volunteer corn control among the adjuvants evaluated. At 2 WAA, glyphosate + clethodim controlled volunteer GR corn 23%; the addition of the adjuvants Amigo®, Journey HSOC®, and StrikeLock® at 0.5% v/v improved the control to 73 to 79%; there was no statistical difference in volunteer corn control among the adjuvants evaluated. At 4 WAA, glyphosate + clethodim controlled volunteer GR corn 16%; the addition of the adjuvants Amigo®, Journey HSOC®, and StrikeLock® at 0.5% v/v improved the control to 91 to 95%; there was no statistical difference in volunteer corn control among the adjuvants evaluated. Volunteer corn interference reduced soybean yield by up to 23% in this trial (highest yielding treatment compared to the non-treated control). Reduced volunteer corn interference with clethodim increased soybean yield 13%. Reduced volunteer corn interference with clethodim plus an adjuvant increased soybean yield 27 to 31%. This study concludes that the addition of Amigo®, Journey HSOC®, or StrikeLock® to clethodim improves volunteer GR corn control resulting in a concomitant increase in soybean yield.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide treatments caused no visible soybean injury at one, two, or four weeks after application.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- visible soybean injurye0
- Direction
- no visiblee0
- Qualifier
- 1, 2, and 4 WAAe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 1, 2, and 4 WAA, there was no visible soybean injury from the herbicide treatments evaluated.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus clethodim controlled 23% of volunteer corn at one week.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate + clethodime0
- Interactor
- volunteer GR corne0weed
- Outcome
- volunteer GR corne0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 23%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 1 WAA, glyphosate + clethodim controlled volunteer GR corn 23%;”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding Amigo, Journey HSOC, or StrikeLock improved volunteer corn control to 45–49% at one week.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Amigo®, Journey HSOC®, and StrikeLock® at 0.5% v/ve0
- Interactor
- volunteer GR corne1weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 45 to 49%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of the adjuvants Amigo®, Journey HSOC®, and StrikeLock® at 0.5% v/v improved control to 45 to 49%;”
e1“At 1 WAA, glyphosate + clethodim controlled volunteer GR corn 23%;”
t0“Volunteer Glyphosate-Resistant Corn in Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Adjuvants did not differ statistically in volunteer corn control at one week.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- volunteer corne0weed
- Outcome
- volunteer corn controle0
- Direction
- no statistical differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 1 WAA, glyphosate + clethodim controlled volunteer GR corn 23%; the addition of the adjuvants Amigo®, Journey HSOC®, and StrikeLock® at 0.5% v/v improved control to 45 to 49%; there was no statistical difference in volunteer corn control among the adjuvants evaluated.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus clethodim controlled 23% of volunteer corn at two weeks.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate + clethodime0
- Interactor
- volunteer GR corne0weed
- Outcome
- volunteer GR corne0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 23%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 2 WAA, glyphosate + clethodim controlled volunteer GR corn 23%;”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding the three adjuvants improved volunteer corn control to 73–79% at two weeks.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Amigo®, Journey HSOC®, and StrikeLock® at 0.5% v/ve0
- Interactor
- volunteer GR corne1weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 73 to 79%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of the adjuvants Amigo®, Journey HSOC®, and StrikeLock® at 0.5% v/v improved the control to 73 to 79%;”
e1“At 2 WAA, glyphosate + clethodim controlled volunteer GR corn 23%;”
t0“Volunteer Glyphosate-Resistant Corn in Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The adjuvants did not differ statistically in corn control at two weeks.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- volunteer corne0weed
- Outcome
- volunteer corn controle0
- Direction
- no statistical differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 2 WAA, glyphosate + clethodim controlled volunteer GR corn 23%; the addition of the adjuvants Amigo®, Journey HSOC®, and StrikeLock® at 0.5% v/v improved the control to 73 to 79%; there was no statistical difference in volunteer corn control among the adjuvants evaluated.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus clethodim controlled 16% of volunteer corn at four weeks.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate + clethodime0
- Interactor
- volunteer GR corne0weed
- Outcome
- volunteer GR corne0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 16%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 4 WAA, glyphosate + clethodim controlled volunteer GR corn 16%;”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding the three adjuvants improved volunteer corn control to 91–95% at four weeks.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Amigo®, Journey HSOC®, and StrikeLock® at 0.5% v/ve0
- Interactor
- volunteer GR corne1weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 91 to 95%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of the adjuvants Amigo®, Journey HSOC®, and StrikeLock® at 0.5% v/v improved the control to 91 to 95%;”
e1“At 4 WAA, glyphosate + clethodim controlled volunteer GR corn 16%;”
t0“Volunteer Glyphosate-Resistant Corn in Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The adjuvants did not differ statistically in corn control at four weeks.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- volunteer corne0weed
- Outcome
- volunteer corn controle0
- Direction
- no statistical differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 4 WAA, glyphosate + clethodim controlled volunteer GR corn 16%; the addition of the adjuvants Amigo®, Journey HSOC®, and StrikeLock® at 0.5% v/v improved the control to 91 to 95%; there was no statistical difference in volunteer corn control among the adjuvants evaluated.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Volunteer corn interference reduced soybean yield by up to 23%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- Volunteer corne0weed
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- up to 23%e0
- Comparator
- non-treated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Volunteer corn interference reduced soybean yield by up to 23% in this trial (highest yielding treatment compared to the non-treated control).”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing corn interference with clethodim increased soybean yield by 13%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- clethodime0
- Interactor
- volunteer corne0weed
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced volunteer corn interference with clethodim increased soybean yield 13%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing corn interference with clethodim plus an adjuvant increased soybean yield by 27–31%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- clethodim plus an adjuvante0
- Interactor
- volunteer corne0weed
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27 to 31%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced volunteer corn interference with clethodim plus an adjuvant increased soybean yield 27 to 31%.”
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