Abstract
This study investigated the physiological and molecular responses of rice genotype ‘9311’ to Cd stress and the mitigating effects of silicon oxide nanoparticles (SiO NPs). Cd exposure severely hindered plant growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and Cd accumulation. However, SiO NPs supplementation, particularly the SiONP100 treatment, significantly alleviated Cd-induced toxicity, mitigating the adverse effects on plant growth while maintaining chlorophyll content and photosynthetic attributes. The SiONP100 treatment also reduced Cd accumulation, indicating a preference for Si uptake in genotype 9311. Complex interactions among Cd, Si, Mg, Ca, and K were uncovered, with fluctuations in MDA and H2O2 contents. Distinct morphological changes in stomatal aperture and mesophyll cell structures were observed, including changes in starch granules, grana thylakoids, and osmophilic plastoglobuli. Moreover, following SiONP100 supplementation, genotype 9311 increased peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities by 56%, 44%, and 53% in shoots and 62%, 49%, and 65% in roots, respectively, indicating a robust defense mechanism against Cd stress. Notably, OsNramp5, OsHMA3, OsSOD-Cu/Zn, OsCATA, OsCATB, and OsAPX1 showed significant expression after SiO NPs treatment, suggesting potential Cd translocation within rice tissues. Overall, SiO NPs supplementation holds promise for enhancing Cd tolerance in rice plants while maintaining essential physiological functions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure hindered rice growth, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- 9311e1
- Treatment
- Cd exposuree0
- Outcome
- plant growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthesise0
- Direction
- hinderede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd exposure severely hindered plant growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and Cd accumulation”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“genotype ‘9311’ to Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
SiO nanoparticles alleviated cadmium-induced growth toxicity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SiONP100 treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SiO NPs supplementation, particularly the SiONP100 treatment, significantly alleviated Cd-induced toxicity, mitigating the adverse effects on plant growth”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SiONP100 maintained chlorophyll content and photosynthetic attributes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SiONP100 treatmente0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content and photosynthetic attributese0
- Direction
- maintaininge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SiONP100 treatment, significantly alleviated Cd-induced toxicity, mitigating the adverse effects on plant growth while maintaining chlorophyll content and photosynthetic attributes”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SiONP100 reduced cadmium accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SiONP100 treatmente0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SiONP100 treatment also reduced Cd accumulation”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SiONP100 increased shoot peroxidase activity by 56%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- 9311e0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- SiONP100e1
- Outcome
- peroxidasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 56%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genotype 9311 increased peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities by 56%, 44%, and 53% in shoots”
t0“Silicon nanoparticles alleviate cadmium toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by modulating the nutritional profile and triggering stress-responsive genetic mechanisms”
e1“following SiONP100 supplementation”
Claim · model-written summary
SiONP100 increased shoot superoxide dismutase activity by 44%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- 9311e0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- SiONP100e1
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genotype 9311 increased peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities by 56%, 44%, and 53% in shoots”
t0“Silicon nanoparticles alleviate cadmium toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by modulating the nutritional profile and triggering stress-responsive genetic mechanisms”
e1“following SiONP100 supplementation”
Claim · model-written summary
SiONP100 increased shoot catalase activity by 53%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- 9311e0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- SiONP100e1
- Outcome
- catalasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 53%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genotype 9311 increased peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities by 56%, 44%, and 53% in shoots”
t0“Silicon nanoparticles alleviate cadmium toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by modulating the nutritional profile and triggering stress-responsive genetic mechanisms”
e1“following SiONP100 supplementation”
Claim · model-written summary
SiONP100 increased root peroxidase activity by 62%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- 9311e0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- SiONP100e1
- Outcome
- peroxidasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 62%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genotype 9311 increased peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities by 56%, 44%, and 53% in shoots and 62%, 49%, and 65% in roots, respectively”
t0“Silicon nanoparticles alleviate cadmium toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by modulating the nutritional profile and triggering stress-responsive genetic mechanisms”
e1“following SiONP100 supplementation”
Claim · model-written summary
SiONP100 increased root superoxide dismutase activity by 49%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- 9311e0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- SiONP100e1
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 49%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genotype 9311 increased peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities by 56%, 44%, and 53% in shoots and 62%, 49%, and 65% in roots, respectively”
t0“Silicon nanoparticles alleviate cadmium toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by modulating the nutritional profile and triggering stress-responsive genetic mechanisms”
e1“following SiONP100 supplementation”
Claim · model-written summary
SiONP100 increased root catalase activity by 65%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- 9311e0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- SiONP100e1
- Outcome
- catalasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 65%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genotype 9311 increased peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities by 56%, 44%, and 53% in shoots and 62%, 49%, and 65% in roots, respectively”
t0“Silicon nanoparticles alleviate cadmium toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by modulating the nutritional profile and triggering stress-responsive genetic mechanisms”
e1“following SiONP100 supplementation”
Claim · model-written summary
The six listed rice genes showed significant expression after nanoparticle treatment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SiO NPs treatmente0
- Gene
- OsNramp5, OsHMA3, OsSOD-Cu/Zn, OsCATA, OsCATB, and OsAPX1e0
- Outcome
- significant expressione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsNramp5, OsHMA3, OsSOD-Cu/Zn, OsCATA, OsCATB, and OsAPX1 showed significant expression after SiO NPs treatment”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
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