Abstract
ABSTRACT Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic trace metal that causes severe environmental pollution and alters plants' physiological and biochemical responses. Although commercially synthesised silicon nanoparticles (SiNP) have been reported in alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses, the role of PV (photovoltaic) driven SiNP in modulating plant physio‐biochemical response under Cd stress has not systematically evaluated to strengthen the circular economy framework. A glasshouse experiment was therefore conducted to investigate the effects of solar PV panel‐sourced SiNP on rice's physico‐chemical responses under Cd stress. Three SiNP concentrations (0, 0.5, and 1 mM) and three Cd levels (0, 10, and 20 µM) were used in this hydroponic culture. The results revealed that increases in Cd stress significantly reduced the photosynthetic pigment content, plant growth and biomass. Elevated Cd levels also enhanced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), electrolyte leakage (EL) and lipid peroxidation (MDA), suppressed antioxidant activity in roots and shoots, which caused severe damage to the roots and leaves. In contrast, SiNP supplementation (0.5 and 1 mM) improved photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant activity, cell membrane stability and overall growth under 20 µM Cd stress. Both SiNP levels significantly downregulated the H 2 O 2 , EL and MDA content, thereby minimzing leaf tissue injury under 10 and 20 µM Cd stress. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations confirmed that SiNP supplement substantially alleviated Cd‐induced ultrastructural damage in leaf cells. The study concluded that PV‐derived SiNP application mitigated oxidative stress, promoted rice growth and biomass, improved Cd stress tolerance, and offered a promising strategy for sustainable farming practices in Cd‐prone areas.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Cd stress significantly reduced photosynthetic pigment content, plant growth and biomass in rice.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Cd stresse1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigment content, plant growth and biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“increases in Cd stress significantly reduced the photosynthetic pigment content, plant growth and biomass”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated Cd levels enhanced accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Elevated Cd levelse1
- Outcome
- accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), electrolyte leakage (EL) and lipid peroxidation (MDA)e1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Elevated Cd levels also enhanced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), electrolyte leakage (EL) and lipid peroxidation (MDA)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated Cd levels suppressed antioxidant activity in roots and shoots of rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roots and shootse1
- Treatment
- Elevated Cd levelse2
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye1
- Direction
- suppressede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“suppressed antioxidant activity in roots and shoots”
e2“Elevated Cd levels also enhanced”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SiNP supplementation (0.5 and 1 mM) improved photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant activity in rice under 20 µM Cd stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SiNP supplementation (0.5 and 1 mM)e1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant activitye1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- under 20 µM Cd stresse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“SiNP supplementation (0.5 and 1 mM) improved photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant activity, cell membrane stability and overall growth under 20 µM Cd stress”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SiNP supplementation (0.5 and 1 mM) improved cell membrane stability and overall growth of rice under 20 µM Cd stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SiNP supplementation (0.5 and 1 mM)e1
- Outcome
- cell membrane stability and overall growthe1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- under 20 µM Cd stresse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“SiNP supplementation (0.5 and 1 mM) improved photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant activity, cell membrane stability and overall growth under 20 µM Cd stress”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Both SiNP levels significantly downregulated H2O2, EL and MDA content in rice under 10 and 20 µM Cd stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Both SiNP levelse1
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2 , EL and MDA contente1
- Direction
- downregulatede1
- Qualifier
- under 10 and 20 µM Cd stresse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Both SiNP levels significantly downregulated the H 2 O 2 , EL and MDA content”
e2“under 10 and 20 µM Cd stress”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
TEM observations confirmed that SiNP supplement substantially alleviated Cd-induced ultrastructural damage in rice leaf cells.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leaf cellse1
- Treatment
- SiNP supplemente1
- Outcome
- Cd‐induced ultrastructural damagee1
- Direction
- alleviatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations confirmed that SiNP supplement substantially alleviated Cd‐induced ultrastructural damage in leaf cells”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that PV-derived SiNP is a promising strategy for sustainable farming in Cd-prone areas.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- promising strategy for sustainable farming practices in Cd-prone arease1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“offered a promising strategy for sustainable farming practices in Cd-prone areas”
t0“Rice”
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