Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of rock powder in the phytoremediation of Inceptisol (sandy loam) and Oxisol (clay) contaminated with diuron. Canavalia ensiformis plants were grown in pots containing 7.5 kg of both soils, with doses of 0, 4, and 8 t ha−1 of rock powder. Diuron was applied in doses ranging from 875 to 3500 g of a.i. ha−1. The injury level was assessed at 42 days after emergence (DAE), and the morphological characteristics were assessed at 120 DAE. After phytoremediation, the soil was analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and by bioassay with cucumber (Cucumis sativus) to detect diuron. In Oxisol, no injury was observed, and the rock powder (4 t ha−1) benefited the growth of C. ensiformis regardless of the dose of diuron. In Inceptisol, the greatest reduction in growth occurred with 3500 g a.i. ha−1 of diuron and 8 t ha−1 of rock powder. Diuron was detected after 120 days in Inceptisol with 2625 g a.i. ha−1 without rock powder and 3500 g a.i. ha−1 with and without rock powder. The cucumber bioindicator in Inceptisol showed an increase in the level of injury as the dose of diuron increased. The rock powder favored the growth of C. ensiformis and was able to phytoremediate high concentrations of diuron, which supports the safe use of this herbicide for weed control, minimizing environmental impacts.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
No injury was observed in Canavalia ensiformis in Oxisol.
- Taxon
- Canavalia ensiformis
Canavalia ensiformise0 - Outcome
- no injurye1
- Setting
- Oxisole1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Canavalia ensiformis plants were grown in pots”
e1“In Oxisol, no injury was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Rock powder at 4 t ha−1 benefited Canavalia growth in Oxisol regardless of diuron dose.
- Taxon
- Canavalia ensiformisCanavalia ensiformise0
- Treatment
- rock powder (4 t ha−1)e1
- Outcome
- growth of C. ensiformise1
- Direction
- benefitede1
- Qualifier
- regardless of the dose of diurone1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Canavalia ensiformis plants were grown in pots”
e1“the rock powder (4 t ha−1) benefited the growth of C. ensiformis regardless of the dose of diuron”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth reduction in Canavalia was greatest with 3500 g a.i. ha−1 diuron and 8 t ha−1 rock powder in Inceptisol.
- Taxon
- Canavalia ensiformisCanavalia ensiformise0
- Treatment
- 3500 g a.i. ha−1 of diuron and 8 t ha−1 of rock powdere1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- greatest reductione1
- Setting
- Inceptisole1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Canavalia ensiformis plants were grown in pots”
e1“In Inceptisol, the greatest reduction in growth occurred with 3500 g a.i. ha−1 of diuron and 8 t ha−1 of rock powder.”
Claim · model-written summary
Diuron remained detectable in Inceptisol after 120 days at the stated application doses.
- Taxon
- Canavalia ensiformisCanavalia ensiformise0
- Outcome
- Diuron was detectede1
- Qualifier
- after 120 dayse1
- Setting
- Inceptisole1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Canavalia ensiformis plants were grown in pots”
e1“Diuron was detected after 120 days in Inceptisol with 2625 g a.i. ha−1 without rock powder and 3500 g a.i. ha−1 with and without rock powder.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cucumber bioindicator injury increased as diuron dose increased in Inceptisol.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- diurone0
- Outcome
- level of injurye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Setting
- Inceptisole0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cucumber bioindicator in Inceptisol showed an increase in the level of injury as the dose of diuron increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that rock powder favored Canavalia growth.
- Taxon
- Canavalia ensiformisCanavalia ensiformist0
- Treatment
- rock powdere0
- Outcome
- growth of C. ensiformise0
- Direction
- favorede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rock powder favored the growth of C. ensiformis and was able to phytoremediate high concentrations of diuron”
t0“Canavalia ensiformis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that Canavalia with rock powder could phytoremediate high diuron concentrations.
- Taxon
- Canavalia ensiformisCanavalia ensiformist0
- Treatment
- rock powdere0
- Outcome
- phytoremediate high concentrations of diurone0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rock powder favored the growth of C. ensiformis and was able to phytoremediate high concentrations of diuron”
t0“Canavalia ensiformis”
The same questions in other papers
diuron · crop injury · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.