Abstract
Abstract Background Heat stress is a major restrictive factor that causes yield loss in rice. We previously reported the priming effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on rice for enhanced thermotolerance at the germination, seedling and heading stages. In the present study, we aimed to understand the priming effect and mechanism of ABA on grain filling capacity in rice under heat stress. Results Rice plants were pretreated with distilled water, 50 μM ABA and 10 μM fluridone by leaf spraying at 8 d or 15 d after initial heading (AIH) stage and then were subjected to heat stress conditions of 38 °C day/30 °C night for 7 days, respectively. Exogenous ABA pretreatment significantly super-activated the ABA signaling pathway and improved the SOD, POD, CAT and APX enzyme activity levels, as well as upregulated the ROS-scavenging genes; and decreased the heat stress-induced ROS content (O 2 – and H 2 O 2 ) by 15.0–25.5% in rice grain under heat stress. ABA pretreatment also increased starch synthetase activities in rice grain under heat stress. Furthermore, ABA pretreatment significantly improved yield component indices and grain yield by 14.4–16.5% under heat stress. ABA pretreatment improved the milling quality and the quality of appearance and decreased the incidence of chalky kernels and chalkiness in rice grain and improved the rice grain cooking quality by improving starch content and gel consistence and decreasing the amylose percentage under heat stress. The application of paraquat caused overaccumulation of ROS, decreased starch synthetase activities and ultimately decreased starch content and grain yield. Exogenous antioxidants decreased ROS overaccumulation and increased starch content and grain yield under heat stress. Conclusion Taken together, these results suggest that exogenous ABA has a potential priming effect for enhancing rice grain filling capacity under heat stress at grain filling stage mainly by inhibiting ROS overaccumulation and improving starch synthetase activities in rice grain.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment super-activated the ABA signaling pathway under heat stress.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Exogenous ABA pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- ABA signaling pathwaye0
- Direction
- super-activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous ABA pretreatment significantly super-activated the ABA signaling pathway”
t0“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment improved SOD, POD, CAT and APX enzyme activity levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Exogenous ABA pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- SOD, POD, CAT and APX enzyme activity levelse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous ABA pretreatment significantly super-activated the ABA signaling pathway and improved the SOD, POD, CAT and APX enzyme activity levels”
t0“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment upregulated ROS-scavenging genes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Exogenous ABA pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- ROS-scavenging genese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous ABA pretreatment significantly super-activated the ABA signaling pathway and improved the SOD, POD, CAT and APX enzyme activity levels, as well as upregulated the ROS-scavenging genes”
t0“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment decreased heat-induced ROS content in rice grain by 15.0–25.5%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Outcome
- heat stress-induced ROS content (O 2 – and H 2 O 2 )e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 15.0–25.5%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased the heat stress-induced ROS content (O 2 – and H 2 O 2 ) by 15.0–25.5% in rice grain under heat stress”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment increased starch synthetase activities in rice grain under heat stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- ABA pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- starch synthetase activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA pretreatment also increased starch synthetase activities in rice grain under heat stress”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment significantly improved rice yield component indices under heat stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ABA pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- yield component indicese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA pretreatment significantly improved yield component indices and grain yield by 14.4–16.5% under heat stress”
t0“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment improved grain yield by 14.4–16.5% under heat stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ABA pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 14.4–16.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA pretreatment significantly improved yield component indices and grain yield by 14.4–16.5% under heat stress”
t0“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment improved milling and appearance quality of rice grain.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ABA pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- milling quality and the quality of appearancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA pretreatment improved the milling quality and the quality of appearance”
t0“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment decreased chalky-kernel incidence and chalkiness in rice grain.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Outcome
- incidence of chalky kernels and chalkinesse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased the incidence of chalky kernels and chalkiness in rice grain”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment improved rice grain cooking quality under heat stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- rice grain cooking qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improved the rice grain cooking quality by improving starch content and gel consistence and decreasing the amylose percentage under heat stress”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment increased starch content and gel consistence under heat stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- starch content and gel consistencee0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving starch content and gel consistence and decreasing the amylose percentage under heat stress”
t0“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA pretreatment decreased amylose percentage under heat stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- amylose percentagee0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreasing the amylose percentage under heat stress”
t0“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat caused ROS overaccumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- application of paraquate0
- Outcome
- overaccumulation of ROSe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of paraquat caused overaccumulation of ROS”
t0“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat decreased starch synthetase activities.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- application of paraquate0
- Outcome
- starch synthetase activitiese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of paraquat caused overaccumulation of ROS, decreased starch synthetase activities”
t0“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat decreased starch content and grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- application of paraquate0
- Outcome
- starch content and grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of paraquat caused overaccumulation of ROS, decreased starch synthetase activities and ultimately decreased starch content and grain yield”
t0“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous antioxidants decreased ROS overaccumulation under heat stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Exogenous antioxidantse0
- Outcome
- ROS overaccumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous antioxidants decreased ROS overaccumulation and increased starch content and grain yield under heat stress”
t0“in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous antioxidants increased starch content and grain yield under heat stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Exogenous antioxidantse0
- Outcome
- starch content and grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous antioxidants decreased ROS overaccumulation and increased starch content and grain yield under heat stress”
t0“in rice”
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