Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) is one of the principal nitrogen (N) sources in soils, but is typically toxic already at intermediate concentrations. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a pivotal role in responses to environmental stresses. However, the role of ABA under high-NH4+ stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is only marginally understood. Here, we report that elevated NH4+ can significantly accelerate tissue ABA accumulation. Mutants with high (Osaba8ox) and low levels of ABA (Osphs3-1) exhibit elevated tolerance or sensitivity to high-NH4+ stress, respectively. Furthermore, ABA can decrease NH4+-induced oxidative damage and tissue NH4+ accumulation by enhancing antioxidant and glutamine synthetase (GS)/glutamate synthetasae (GOGAT) enzyme activities. Using RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR approaches, we ascertain that two genes, OsSAPK9 and OsbZIP20, are induced both by high NH4+ and by ABA. Our data indicate that OsSAPK9 interacts with OsbZIP20, and can phosphorylate OsbZIP20 and activate its function. When OsSAPK9 or OsbZIP20 are knocked out in rice, ABA-mediated antioxidant and GS/GOGAT activity enhancement under high-NH4+ stress disappear, and the two mutants are more sensitive to high-NH4+ stress compared with their wild types. Taken together, our results suggest that ABA plays a positive role in regulating the OsSAPK9-OsbZIP20 pathway in rice to increase tolerance to high-NH4+ stress.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated ammonium significantly accelerated tissue ABA accumulation.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- elevated NH4+e1
- Outcome
- tissue ABA accumulatione1
- Direction
- acceleratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“elevated NH4+ can significantly accelerate tissue ABA accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
The high-ABA mutant showed elevated tolerance to high ammonium.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Osaba8oxe1
- Outcome
- tolerancee1
- Direction
- elevatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“Mutants with high (Osaba8ox) and low levels of ABA (Osphs3-1) exhibit elevated tolerance or sensitivity to high-NH4+ stress, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The low-ABA mutant was sensitive to high ammonium.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Osphs3-1e1
- Outcome
- sensitivity to high-NH4+ stresse1
- Direction
- sensitivitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“Mutants with high (Osaba8ox) and low levels of ABA (Osphs3-1) exhibit elevated tolerance or sensitivity to high-NH4+ stress, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA decreased ammonium-induced oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ABAe1
- Outcome
- NH4+-induced oxidative damagee1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“ABA can decrease NH4+-induced oxidative damage and tissue NH4+ accumulation by enhancing antioxidant and glutamine synthetase (GS)/glutamate synthetasae (GOGAT) enzyme activities”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA decreased tissue ammonium accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ABAe1
- Outcome
- tissue NH4+ accumulatione1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“ABA can decrease NH4+-induced oxidative damage and tissue NH4+ accumulation by enhancing antioxidant and glutamine synthetase (GS)/glutamate synthetasae (GOGAT) enzyme activities”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA enhanced antioxidant and GS/GOGAT enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ABAe1
- Outcome
- antioxidant and glutamine synthetase (GS)/glutamate synthetasae (GOGAT) enzyme activitiese1
- Direction
- enhancinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“ABA can decrease NH4+-induced oxidative damage and tissue NH4+ accumulation by enhancing antioxidant and glutamine synthetase (GS)/glutamate synthetasae (GOGAT) enzyme activities”
Claim · model-written summary
High ammonium induced OsSAPK9 and OsbZIP20.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- high NH4+e1
- Gene
- OsSAPK9 and OsbZIP20e1
- Outcome
- OsSAPK9 and OsbZIP20e1
- Direction
- inducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“two genes, OsSAPK9 and OsbZIP20, are induced both by high NH4+ and by ABA”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA induced OsSAPK9 and OsbZIP20.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ABAe1
- Gene
- OsSAPK9 and OsbZIP20e1
- Outcome
- OsSAPK9 and OsbZIP20e1
- Direction
- inducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“two genes, OsSAPK9 and OsbZIP20, are induced both by high NH4+ and by ABA”
Claim · model-written summary
OsSAPK9 interacted with OsbZIP20.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- OsSAPK9e1
- Outcome
- interacts with OsbZIP20e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“OsSAPK9 interacts with OsbZIP20, and can phosphorylate OsbZIP20 and activate its function”
Claim · model-written summary
OsSAPK9 phosphorylated OsbZIP20 and activated its function.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- OsSAPK9e1
- Outcome
- phosphorylate OsbZIP20 and activate its functione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“OsSAPK9 interacts with OsbZIP20, and can phosphorylate OsbZIP20 and activate its function”
Claim · model-written summary
Knocking out OsSAPK9 removed ABA-mediated antioxidant and GS/GOGAT enhancement under high ammonium.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- OsSAPK9e1
- Gene
- OsSAPK9e1
- Outcome
- ABA-mediated antioxidant and GS/GOGAT activity enhancemente1
- Direction
- disappeare1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“When OsSAPK9 or OsbZIP20 are knocked out in rice, ABA-mediated antioxidant and GS/GOGAT activity enhancement under high-NH4+ stress disappear”
Claim · model-written summary
Knocking out OsbZIP20 removed ABA-mediated antioxidant and GS/GOGAT enhancement under high ammonium.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- OsbZIP20e1
- Gene
- OsbZIP20e1
- Outcome
- ABA-mediated antioxidant and GS/GOGAT activity enhancemente1
- Direction
- disappeare1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“When OsSAPK9 or OsbZIP20 are knocked out in rice, ABA-mediated antioxidant and GS/GOGAT activity enhancement under high-NH4+ stress disappear”
Claim · model-written summary
The OsSAPK9 knockout was more sensitive to high ammonium than wild type.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- two mutantse1
- Outcome
- sensitive to high-NH4+ stresse1
- Direction
- more sensitivee1
- Comparator
- wild typese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“the two mutants are more sensitive to high-NH4+ stress compared with their wild types”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA was proposed to increase rice ammonium tolerance through the OsSAPK9-OsbZIP20 pathway.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- OsSAPK9-OsbZIP20e1
- Compound
- ABAe1
- Outcome
- tolerance to high-NH4+ stresse1
- Direction
- increasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“ABA plays a positive role in regulating the OsSAPK9-OsbZIP20 pathway in rice to increase tolerance to high-NH4+ stress”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.