Abstract
Abstract Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been increasingly employed for fungicide applications in plant disease control. However, due to weight limitations, the fungicides sprayed through UAVs must be in low volumes with high concentrations in many instances, which may result in potential phytotoxicity. Here we evaluate the safety of low-volume spray of chemicals on rice plants. The plants were sprayed with propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate (EC) at 250 g/L mixed with various adjuvants and applied at a low volume, which contained the fungicide at concentrations equivalent to or higher than that used in UAV application. The spray adjuvants included YS-20, Biaopu adjuvant, TriTek, Yipinsongzhi, AgriSolv-C100, and Hongyuyan. Potential phytotoxicity on rice plants was examined based on surface tension and crop growth. Additives suitable for a low-volume spray of propiconazole were also assessed on three rice varieties for phytotoxicity. The results showed that after 72 h of fungicide application at 2, 4, and 8 times the recommended dose of 7500 μg/mL for UAV spray, rice leaves exhibited abnormal growth, and the dry weight of rice significantly decreased 21 days after application. Phytotoxicity was evaluated on three rice varieties 5 days after spraying propiconazole EC at 2 × recommended dose with one of the spray adjuvants. The addition of 1% YS-20, Biaopu adjuvant, TriTek, and Yipinsongzhi significantly augmented the phytotoxicity. However, both AgriSolv-C100 and Hongyuyan significantly reduced the comprehensive index of phytotoxicity and, therefore, could be used for UAV applications.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
High-dose propiconazole caused abnormal rice leaf growth after 72 hours.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- fungicide application at 2, 4, and 8 times the recommended dose of 7500 μg/mLe0
- Outcome
- abnormal growthe0
- Qualifier
- after 72 he0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after 72 h of fungicide application at 2, 4, and 8 times the recommended dose of 7500 μg/mL for UAV spray, rice leaves exhibited abnormal growth”
Claim · model-written summary
High-dose propiconazole significantly reduced rice dry weight after 21 days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- propiconazolet0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 21 days after applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the dry weight of rice significantly decreased 21 days after application”
t0“propiconazole”
Claim · model-written summary
YS-20 significantly increased spray phytotoxicity on rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 1% YS-20e0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- augmentede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of 1% YS-20, Biaopu adjuvant, TriTek, and Yipinsongzhi significantly augmented the phytotoxicity.”
t0“rice plants was examined”
Claim · model-written summary
Biaopu adjuvant significantly increased spray phytotoxicity on rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Biaopu adjuvante0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- augmentede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of 1% YS-20, Biaopu adjuvant, TriTek, and Yipinsongzhi significantly augmented the phytotoxicity.”
t0“rice plants was examined”
Claim · model-written summary
TriTek significantly increased spray phytotoxicity on rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- TriTeke0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- augmentede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of 1% YS-20, Biaopu adjuvant, TriTek, and Yipinsongzhi significantly augmented the phytotoxicity.”
t0“rice plants was examined”
Claim · model-written summary
Yipinsongzhi significantly increased spray phytotoxicity on rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Yipinsongzhie0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- augmentede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of 1% YS-20, Biaopu adjuvant, TriTek, and Yipinsongzhi significantly augmented the phytotoxicity.”
t0“rice plants was examined”
Claim · model-written summary
AgriSolv-C100 significantly reduced the phytotoxicity index on rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AgriSolv-C100e0
- Outcome
- comprehensive index of phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both AgriSolv-C100 and Hongyuyan significantly reduced the comprehensive index of phytotoxicity”
t0“rice plants was examined”
Claim · model-written summary
Hongyuyan significantly reduced the phytotoxicity index on rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Hongyuyane0
- Outcome
- comprehensive index of phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both AgriSolv-C100 and Hongyuyan significantly reduced the comprehensive index of phytotoxicity”
t0“rice plants was examined”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend AgriSolv-C100 for UAV applications.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- AgriSolv-C100e0
- Outcome
- could be used for UAV applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AgriSolv-C100 and Hongyuyan significantly reduced the comprehensive index of phytotoxicity and, therefore, could be used for UAV applications”
t0“rice plants was examined”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Hongyuyan for UAV applications.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Hongyuyane0
- Outcome
- could be used for UAV applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AgriSolv-C100 and Hongyuyan significantly reduced the comprehensive index of phytotoxicity and, therefore, could be used for UAV applications”
t0“rice plants was examined”
The same questions in other papers
propiconazole · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →fungicide · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.