Abstract
Abstract Background Plasma-activated water (PAW) is a solution created by exposing water to cold atmospheric plasma discharge, resulting in a biocidal agent with unique biochemical properties attributed to highly reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Plasma-activated water (PAW) has been the subject of research for its potential in promoting seed germination. While it has shown promising results, the exact mechanism by which PAW promotes seed growth remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of PAW in promoting mung bean germination, including its effects on vitality improvement and the triggering of plant stress responses to promote crop growth. Through the utilization of next-generation sequencing, we aim to explore the interaction between the properties of PAW and gene expression in mung beans. By deciphering the nature of PAW and analyzing gene expression patterns, we hope to uncover the underlying mechanisms that govern their interaction. Results The results revealed that nitrogen plasma-activated water (NPAW) treatment improves the vitality and hypocotyl length of mung beans and leads to a good overall growth state. Moreover, we identified numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including genes related to stress responses, growth regulation, and metabolic processes, that were upregulated or downregulated in response to PAW treatment. As a result of APAW treatment, 168 genes were upregulated and 90 genes were downregulated. Furthermore, 179 genes were upregulated in the NPAW compared to 125 genes that were downregulated in the control group. Gene expression analysis revealed involvement in stress signaling and metabolic processes. Conclusions PAW treatment can promote crop growth and serve as a reference for other seeds. This research provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms and benefits of PAW in sustainable agriculture. Graphical Abstract
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen plasma-activated water improved mung bean vitality and hypocotyl length.
- Taxon
- mung beans
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatae0 - Treatment
- nitrogen plasma-activated water (NPAW) treatmente0
- Outcome
- vitality and hypocotyl lengthe0
- Direction
- improvese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen plasma-activated water (NPAW) treatment improves the vitality and hypocotyl length of mung beans”
Claim · model-written summary
PAW treatment upregulated or downregulated stress, growth and metabolic genes.
- Taxon
- mung beansVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- PAW treatmente0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Direction
- upregulated or downregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including genes related to stress responses, growth regulation, and metabolic processes, that were upregulated or downregulated in response to PAW treatment”
t0“mung beans”
Claim · model-written summary
APAW treatment upregulated 168 genes.
- Taxon
- mung beansVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- APAW treatmente0
- Outcome
- genese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 168 genese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As a result of APAW treatment, 168 genes were upregulated”
t0“mung beans”
Claim · model-written summary
APAW treatment downregulated 90 genes.
- Taxon
- mung beansVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- APAW treatmentt1
- Outcome
- genese0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
- Value
- 90 genese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“90 genes were downregulated”
t0“mung beans”
t1“APAW treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
NPAW treatment upregulated 179 genes.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“179 genes were upregulated in the NPAW”
t0“mung beans”
Claim · model-written summary
The abstract reports 125 genes downregulated in the control group.
- Taxon
- mung beansVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- genese0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
- Value
- 125 genese0
- Qualifier
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“125 genes that were downregulated in the control group”
t0“mung beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression analysis implicated stress signaling and metabolic processes.
- Taxon
- mung beansVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- involvement in stress signaling and metabolic processese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gene expression analysis revealed involvement in stress signaling and metabolic processes.”
t0“mung beans”
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