Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and cutting management on fodder yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculuta)

Abstract

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is level of 20 : 40 kg N and P,05ha gave sig- a versatile legume fodder crop, which per- nificantly highest green-fodder and dry-mat- forms better than cereal fodders in eastern ter yields over the other fertilizer combina- region of the country (Yadav et al., 1979). In tions. All the growth parameters such as case of fodder crops, stage of cutting is im- number of branches, leaveslplant, leaf-area portant in terms of nutrition, better distribu- index, number of noduleslplant, were found tion and continuous supply of green fodder. significantly superior with 20 and 40 kg N A field experiment was conducted during and P205ha to the other fertilizer combina- rainy season 1990 at Bhubaneshwar, to tions. The crude protein yield was signifi- study the effect of cutting management and cantly superior in 1-cut system. Similarly, fertility levels on green-fodder, dry-matter crude protein yield was 508 kgha and 510 and crude protein yields of cowpea. Two kgha at 20 and 40 and 40 and 40 kg N and cutting managements (1 cut at 50% flower- P20,ha respectively. Arora and Das (1978) ing stage and 2 cuts - reported that balanced use of fertilizer re- 1 at 40 days after sowing and other at 50% flowering stage); sulted in higher crude protein content in and 7 fertility levels (0 : 0, 20 : 20, 20 : 40, cowpea. The economic analysis showed the 40 : 20,40 : 40, 60 : 20 and 60 : 40 kg N superiority of 1-cut system in combination and P205ha respectively) were tried in ran- with the fertility level of 20 and 40 kg N and domized block design with 4 replications. P205ha, giving a net return of Rs 4,108ha The soil was sandy loam with pH 5.5. Cow- and a benefit : cost ratio 2.09. pea EC 4216 was sown in rows at 30 cm x The results indicated that any of the cut- 10 cm spacing on 26 July 1990. The final ting systems with 20 and 40 kg N and P20d harvesting of the crop was done at 65 days ha may be used in cowpea for higher yield. after sowing in 1-cut system and at 75 days in 2-cut system. The weight of green REFERENCES fodder was taken in situ immediately after Arora, S. K. and Das, B. 1978. Cowpea as potential crop the harvest. for starch. Journal of Research, Haryana The green-fodder yield was highest in 2- Agricultural University, Hisar 28 (5) : 158-160. Faroda, A. S. and Tomar, B. P. 1976. Effect of cut system, followed by 1-cut system. How- fertilization on growth, fodder yield and quality of cowpea Forage Research 2 : ever, the dry-matter yield in the latter sys- 9-17. tem wazsignificantly superior to the former Yadav, G. L., Singh, V. and Trivedi, C. P. 1979. Effect of legumes and non-legumes on quality and yield of (Table. 1); The results are in line with those forage. Indian Journal of Agronomy 24 (2) : of Faroda and Tomar (1976). The fertility 203-207.

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