Abstract
Understanding the agronomic interventions that ensure higher crop yields and minimize their chances of failure is critical for meeting global nutritional demands. Rice is a staple food crop that is prone to lodging risk, particularly when higher yields are desired. The potential role of a combined application of Zinc (Zn) and Silicon (Si) in determining the grain yield and lodging resistance has been rarely investigated under field conditions. Thus, field trials were carried out to evaluate the grain yield and lodging resistance of rice at two different locations i.e., Qionghai and Wuzhishan, under three levels of Zn (0, 40, and 80 kg ha−1) and Si (0, 120, and 240 kg ha−1). The results showed that Zn application at the rates of 40 and 80 kg ha−1 increased rice yield by 9% and 5% at Qionghai, and by 5% and 6% at Wuzhishan, respectively. The improved grain yield due to Zn application could be attributed to the increased panicles m−2, splikelets m−2, and aboveground biomass. Meanwhile, Zn failed to show any remarkable impact on stem and root lodging susceptibility. Conversely, no significant influence of applying Si on grain yield was observed, while its application at the rates of 120 and 240 kg Si ha−1 enhanced the stem and root lodging resistance (denoted by their respective safety factors, for stem (SFs) and for root (SFr) by 32% and 22% at Qionghai, and by 11% and 34% at Wuzhishan, respectively, compared to zero Si application. The improved lodging resistance in terms of SFs and SFr could be ascribed to the increased stem bending strength and anchorage strength, while self-weight moment of whole plant decreased. In summary, a beneficial role of Si in lodging resistance and Zn in yield enhancement were evidenced in the present study across the two sites. It can be concluded that by combining 40 kg Zn ha−1 with 120 kg Si ha−1, both grain yield and lodging resistance could be simultaneously improved in rice crops.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Zn at 40 kg ha−1 increased rice yield by 9% at Qionghai.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Zn applicatione1
- Outcome
- rice yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 9%e1
- Setting
- Qionghaie1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field trials were carried out to evaluate the grain yield and lodging resistance of rice at two different locations”
e1“The results showed that Zn application at the rates of 40 and 80 kg ha−1 increased rice yield by 9% and 5% at Qionghai, and by 5% and 6% at Wuzhishan, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn at 80 kg ha−1 increased rice yield by 5% at Qionghai.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Zn applicatione1
- Outcome
- rice yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 5%e1
- Setting
- Qionghaie1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field trials were carried out to evaluate the grain yield and lodging resistance of rice at two different locations”
e1“The results showed that Zn application at the rates of 40 and 80 kg ha−1 increased rice yield by 9% and 5% at Qionghai, and by 5% and 6% at Wuzhishan, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn at 40 kg ha−1 increased rice yield by 5% at Wuzhishan.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Zn applicatione1
- Outcome
- rice yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 5%e1
- Setting
- Wuzhishane1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field trials were carried out to evaluate the grain yield and lodging resistance of rice at two different locations”
e1“The results showed that Zn application at the rates of 40 and 80 kg ha−1 increased rice yield by 9% and 5% at Qionghai, and by 5% and 6% at Wuzhishan, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn at 80 kg ha−1 increased rice yield by 6% at Wuzhishan.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Zn applicatione1
- Outcome
- rice yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 6%e1
- Setting
- Wuzhishane1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field trials were carried out to evaluate the grain yield and lodging resistance of rice at two different locations”
e1“The results showed that Zn application at the rates of 40 and 80 kg ha−1 increased rice yield by 9% and 5% at Qionghai, and by 5% and 6% at Wuzhishan, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The Zn-related grain yield gain is attributed to more panicles m−2, spikelets m−2 and aboveground biomass.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Zn applicatione1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Qualifier
- increased panicles m−2, splikelets m−2, and aboveground biomasse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field trials were carried out to evaluate the grain yield and lodging resistance of rice at two different locations”
e1“The improved grain yield due to Zn application could be attributed to the increased panicles m−2, splikelets m−2, and aboveground biomass.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn application did not show a remarkable impact on stem and root lodging susceptibility.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Zne1
- Outcome
- stem and root lodging susceptibilitye1
- Direction
- failed to show any remarkable impacte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field trials were carried out to evaluate the grain yield and lodging resistance of rice at two different locations”
e1“Meanwhile, Zn failed to show any remarkable impact on stem and root lodging susceptibility.”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying Si did not significantly influence rice grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- applying Sie1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- no significant influencee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field trials were carried out to evaluate the grain yield and lodging resistance of rice at two different locations”
e1“Conversely, no significant influence of applying Si on grain yield was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Si at 120 and 240 kg ha−1 enhanced stem lodging resistance (SFs) by 32% at Qionghai relative to zero Si.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- application at the rates of 120 and 240 kg Si ha−1e1
- Outcome
- safety factors, for stem (SFs)e1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Value
- 32%e1
- Comparator
- zero Si applicatione1
- Setting
- Qionghaie1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field trials were carried out to evaluate the grain yield and lodging resistance of rice at two different locations”
e1“while its application at the rates of 120 and 240 kg Si ha−1 enhanced the stem and root lodging resistance (denoted by their respective safety factors, for stem (SFs) and for root (SFr) by 32% and 22% at Qionghai, and by 11% and 34% at Wuzhishan, respectively, compared to zero Si application”
Claim · model-written summary
Si at 120 and 240 kg ha−1 enhanced root lodging resistance (SFr) by 22% at Qionghai relative to zero Si.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- application at the rates of 120 and 240 kg Si ha−1e1
- Outcome
- for root (SFr)e1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Value
- 22%e1
- Comparator
- zero Si applicatione1
- Setting
- Qionghaie1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field trials were carried out to evaluate the grain yield and lodging resistance of rice at two different locations”
e1“while its application at the rates of 120 and 240 kg Si ha−1 enhanced the stem and root lodging resistance (denoted by their respective safety factors, for stem (SFs) and for root (SFr) by 32% and 22% at Qionghai, and by 11% and 34% at Wuzhishan, respectively, compared to zero Si application”
Claim · model-written summary
Si at 120 and 240 kg ha−1 enhanced stem lodging resistance (SFs) by 11% at Wuzhishan relative to zero Si.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- application at the rates of 120 and 240 kg Si ha−1e1
- Outcome
- safety factors, for stem (SFs)e1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Value
- 11%e1
- Comparator
- zero Si applicatione1
- Setting
- Wuzhishane1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field trials were carried out to evaluate the grain yield and lodging resistance of rice at two different locations”
e1“while its application at the rates of 120 and 240 kg Si ha−1 enhanced the stem and root lodging resistance (denoted by their respective safety factors, for stem (SFs) and for root (SFr) by 32% and 22% at Qionghai, and by 11% and 34% at Wuzhishan, respectively, compared to zero Si application”
Claim · model-written summary
Si at 120 and 240 kg ha−1 enhanced root lodging resistance (SFr) by 34% at Wuzhishan relative to zero Si.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- application at the rates of 120 and 240 kg Si ha−1e1
- Outcome
- for root (SFr)e1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Value
- 34%e1
- Comparator
- zero Si applicatione1
- Setting
- Wuzhishane1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field trials were carried out to evaluate the grain yield and lodging resistance of rice at two different locations”
e1“while its application at the rates of 120 and 240 kg Si ha−1 enhanced the stem and root lodging resistance (denoted by their respective safety factors, for stem (SFs) and for root (SFr) by 32% and 22% at Qionghai, and by 11% and 34% at Wuzhishan, respectively, compared to zero Si application”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved lodging resistance is ascribed to greater stem bending strength and anchorage strength, with lower self-weight moment of the whole plant.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- lodging resistancee1
- Qualifier
- increased stem bending strength and anchorage strength, while self-weight moment of whole plant decreasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field trials were carried out to evaluate the grain yield and lodging resistance of rice at two different locations”
e1“The improved lodging resistance in terms of SFs and SFr could be ascribed to the increased stem bending strength and anchorage strength, while self-weight moment of whole plant decreased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining 40 kg Zn ha−1 with 120 kg Si ha−1 is recommended to improve grain yield and lodging resistance together in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- combining 40 kg Zn ha−1 with 120 kg Si ha−1e1
- Outcome
- grain yield and lodging resistancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field trials were carried out to evaluate the grain yield and lodging resistance of rice at two different locations”
e1“It can be concluded that by combining 40 kg Zn ha−1 with 120 kg Si ha−1, both grain yield and lodging resistance could be simultaneously improved in rice crops.”
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