Abstract
Silicon (Si) and Zn are beneficial for improving plant growth and human health. Fortifying rice ( Oryza sativa L.) with Si and Zn can correct deficiencies of these elements in humans who consume rice. The present study evaluated the effects of different Si and Zn application forms as nanoparticles (NPs) foliar application and soil application (traditional fertilizers) on agronomic performance, grain yield (GY), Si and Zn accumulation, and protein content in rice tissue. The experiment was performed as a randomized complete block design with a factorial set of treatments that included three Si treatments (0, soil‐Si, nano‐Si) and three Zn treatments (0, soil‐Zn, nano‐Zn) with three replicates in two experimental farms (Mazandaran, Iran). The results indicated that Si and Zn applications by both NPs (300 g ha −1 ) and soil application (9 kg Zn ha −1 and 392 kg Si ha −1 ) ameliorated the yield components, yield, and nutrient accumulation in rice plant tissue. Application of nano‐Zn, nano‐Si, soil‐Zn, and soil‐Si significantly increased GY by 12.6, 9.5, 9.2, and 6.9%, respectively, above the control. Application of Si and Zn through NPs had greater effects than soil form for some experimental parameters, such as fortification of rice grains. Overall, our results suggest that Si and Zn applications as NPs could increase GY, reduce fertilizer costs and environmental pollution, and enrich rice grains with Si and Zn through improving agronomic and physiological traits, leading to higher GY and nutrients accumulation in grain. Core Ideas Application of Si and Zn increased the agronomic parameters and grain yield. There was no significant interaction among Si and Zn on grain yield. The nano‐Zn foliar spray had better effects than soil‐Zn application for grain Zn accumulation.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Zn application significantly increased grain yield by 12.6% above the control.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- nano‐Zne1
- Outcome
- GYe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 12.6e1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- two experimental farms (Mazandaran, Iran)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of nano‐Zn, nano‐Si, soil‐Zn, and soil‐Si significantly increased GY by 12.6, 9.5, 9.2, and 6.9%, respectively, above the control”
e2“two experimental farms (Mazandaran, Iran)”
t0“Characteristics of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Si application significantly increased grain yield by 9.5% above the control.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nano‐Sie1
- Outcome
- GYe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 9.5e1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- two experimental farms (Mazandaran, Iran)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of nano‐Zn, nano‐Si, soil‐Zn, and soil‐Si significantly increased GY by 12.6, 9.5, 9.2, and 6.9%, respectively, above the control”
e2“two experimental farms (Mazandaran, Iran)”
t0“Characteristics of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-Zn application significantly increased grain yield by 9.2% above the control.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- soil‐Zne1
- Outcome
- GYe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 9.2e1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- two experimental farms (Mazandaran, Iran)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of nano‐Zn, nano‐Si, soil‐Zn, and soil‐Si significantly increased GY by 12.6, 9.5, 9.2, and 6.9%, respectively, above the control”
e2“two experimental farms (Mazandaran, Iran)”
t0“Characteristics of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-Si application significantly increased grain yield by 6.9% above the control.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- soil‐Sie1
- Outcome
- GYe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 6.9e1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- two experimental farms (Mazandaran, Iran)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Application of nano‐Zn, nano‐Si, soil‐Zn, and soil‐Si significantly increased GY by 12.6, 9.5, 9.2, and 6.9%, respectively, above the control”
e2“two experimental farms (Mazandaran, Iran)”
t0“Characteristics of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Si and Zn applications by both NPs and by soil application ameliorated yield components, yield and nutrient accumulation in rice plant tissue.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rice plant tissuee3
- Treatment
- Si and Zn applications by both NPse3
- Outcome
- yield components, yield, and nutrient accumulatione3
- Direction
- amelioratede3
- Setting
- two experimental farms (Mazandaran, Iran)e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Si and Zn applications by both NPs (300 g ha −1 ) and soil application (9 kg Zn ha −1 and 392 kg Si ha −1 ) ameliorated the yield components, yield, and nutrient accumulation in rice plant tissue”
e2“two experimental farms (Mazandaran, Iran)”
t0“Characteristics of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Si and Zn applied through NPs had greater effects than soil application on some parameters, such as grain fortification.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rice grainse4
- Treatment
- Application of Si and Zn through NPse4
- Outcome
- fortification of rice grainse4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Qualifier
- for some experimental parameterse4
- Comparator
- soil forme4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Application of Si and Zn through NPs had greater effects than soil form for some experimental parameters, such as fortification of rice grains”
t0“Characteristics of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
There was no significant interaction between Si and Zn on grain yield.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Si and Zne6
- Outcome
- interaction among Si and Zn on grain yielde6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“There was no significant interaction among Si and Zn on grain yield”
t0“Characteristics of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Si and Zn applications as NPs could increase grain yield in rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Si and Zn applications as NPse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Si and Zn applications as NPs could increase GY”
t0“Characteristics of Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Zn foliar spray had better effects than soil-Zn application on grain Zn accumulation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nano‐Zn foliar spraye7
- Outcome
- grain Zn accumulatione7
- Direction
- bettere7
- Comparator
- soil‐Zn applicatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The nano‐Zn foliar spray had better effects than soil‐Zn application for grain Zn accumulation”
t0“Characteristics of Rice”
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