Abstract
Bread wheat is one of the major staple crops in Ethiopia. In Gechi district, the productivity of bread wheat is below its potential due to poor agronomic constraints and lower soil fertiity. Balanced fertilization is one of the vital tools to defeat soil fertility problems and is thus responsible for improved food production. An experiment was conducted to determine optimum rates NPSB and Urea fertilizers on growth, yield and nutrient uptake and use efficiency of bread wheat in Gechi district. Three rates of NPSB (50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1) and three rates of Urea (50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) were deliberately combined and tested with control. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of the experiment indicated that maturity date, spike length, grain yield, harvest index and number of seed spike-1 were significantly affected by only the main effects of NPSB and Urea. The longest days to maturity (133.22 days), spike length (7.11 cm), grain yield (5305.60 kg ha-1), harvest index (60.62%), and number of seed spike-1 (42.10 seed) were recorded at the highest rate of 150 fertilizer kg ha-1. Longest day to heading (66.67 days), plant height (91.67 cm). The maximum number of total tillers (7.50 par plant), productive tillers (3.61 plant), biomass yield (10737.3 kg ha-1), straw yield (4351.1 kg ha-1), were obtained at combining application of 150 kg ha-1 NPSB with urea kg ha-1. However, the higher value of Agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency and Agronomic recovery of nitrogen was obtained at lowest Nitrogen rate. Theresult of economic analysis showed that combined application of 150 kg ha-1 NPSB and 100 Urea kg ha-1 of Urea gave economic benefit of 100328.24 Birr ha-1 with the marginal rate of return of 3838.76%. Thus, the use of 150 kg ha-1 of NPSB and 100 kg ha-1 of Urea can be recommended for better production of bread wheat in the study area.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Maturity date, spike length and grain yield were significantly affected by the main effects of NPSB and urea.
- Taxon
- Bread Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- main effects of NPSB and Ureae1
- Outcome
- maturity date, spike length, grain yielde1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Periodic Biological, Yield, Nutrient Up Take and Use Efficiency of Bread Wheat as Influenced by NPSB and Urea Fertilize Rates in Gechi District, Southwestern Ethiopia”
e1“The results of the experiment indicated that maturity date, spike length, grain yield, harvest index and number of seed spike-1 were significantly affected by only the main effects of NPSB and Urea”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest index and number of seeds per spike were significantly affected by the main effects of NPSB and urea.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- main effects of NPSB and Ureae1
- Outcome
- harvest index and number of seed spike-1e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Periodic Biological, Yield, Nutrient Up Take and Use Efficiency of Bread Wheat as Influenced by NPSB and Urea Fertilize Rates in Gechi District, Southwestern Ethiopia”
e1“The results of the experiment indicated that maturity date, spike length, grain yield, harvest index and number of seed spike-1 were significantly affected by only the main effects of NPSB and Urea”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was highest (5305.60 kg ha-1) at the 150 kg ha-1 fertilizer rate.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 150 fertilizer kg ha-1e2
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- higherinferrede3
- Value
- 5305.60 kg ha-1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Periodic Biological, Yield, Nutrient Up Take and Use Efficiency of Bread Wheat as Influenced by NPSB and Urea Fertilize Rates in Gechi District, Southwestern Ethiopia”
e2“were recorded at the highest rate of 150 fertilizer kg ha-1”
e3“grain yield (5305.60 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest index was highest (60.62%) at the 150 kg ha-1 fertilizer rate.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 150 fertilizer kg ha-1e2
- Outcome
- harvest indexe4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Value
- 60.62%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Periodic Biological, Yield, Nutrient Up Take and Use Efficiency of Bread Wheat as Influenced by NPSB and Urea Fertilize Rates in Gechi District, Southwestern Ethiopia”
e2“were recorded at the highest rate of 150 fertilizer kg ha-1”
e4“harvest index (60.62%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Days to maturity were longest (133.22 days) at the 150 kg ha-1 fertilizer rate.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 150 fertilizer kg ha-1e2
- Outcome
- days to maturitye5
- Direction
- higherinferrede5
- Value
- 133.22 dayse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Periodic Biological, Yield, Nutrient Up Take and Use Efficiency of Bread Wheat as Influenced by NPSB and Urea Fertilize Rates in Gechi District, Southwestern Ethiopia”
e2“were recorded at the highest rate of 150 fertilizer kg ha-1”
e5“The longest days to maturity (133.22 days)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spike length was highest (7.11 cm) at the 150 kg ha-1 fertilizer rate.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 150 fertilizer kg ha-1e2
- Outcome
- spike lengthe6
- Direction
- higherinferrede6
- Value
- 7.11 cme6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Periodic Biological, Yield, Nutrient Up Take and Use Efficiency of Bread Wheat as Influenced by NPSB and Urea Fertilize Rates in Gechi District, Southwestern Ethiopia”
e2“were recorded at the highest rate of 150 fertilizer kg ha-1”
e6“spike length (7.11 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Number of seeds per spike was highest (42.10) at the 150 kg ha-1 fertilizer rate.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 150 fertilizer kg ha-1e2
- Outcome
- number of seed spike-1e7
- Direction
- higherinferrede7
- Value
- 42.10 seede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Periodic Biological, Yield, Nutrient Up Take and Use Efficiency of Bread Wheat as Influenced by NPSB and Urea Fertilize Rates in Gechi District, Southwestern Ethiopia”
e2“were recorded at the highest rate of 150 fertilizer kg ha-1”
e7“number of seed spike-1 (42.10 seed)”
Claim · model-written summary
Days to heading were longest (66.67 days) in the fertilizer trial.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- day to headinge1
- Value
- 66.67 dayse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Periodic Biological, Yield, Nutrient Up Take and Use Efficiency of Bread Wheat as Influenced by NPSB and Urea Fertilize Rates in Gechi District, Southwestern Ethiopia”
e1“Longest day to heading (66.67 days), plant height (91.67 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height was 91.67 cm in the fertilizer trial.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Value
- 91.67 cme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Periodic Biological, Yield, Nutrient Up Take and Use Efficiency of Bread Wheat as Influenced by NPSB and Urea Fertilize Rates in Gechi District, Southwestern Ethiopia”
e1“Longest day to heading (66.67 days), plant height (91.67 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Number of total tillers was maximum (7.50 per plant) with combined 150 kg ha-1 NPSB and urea.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combining application of 150 kg ha-1 NPSB with urea kg ha-1e1
- Outcome
- number of total tillerse1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 7.50 par plante1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Periodic Biological, Yield, Nutrient Up Take and Use Efficiency of Bread Wheat as Influenced by NPSB and Urea Fertilize Rates in Gechi District, Southwestern Ethiopia”
e1“The maximum number of total tillers (7.50 par plant), productive tillers (3.61 plant), biomass yield (10737.3 kg ha-1), straw yield (4351.1 kg ha-1), were obtained at combining application of 150 kg ha-1 NPSB with urea kg ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Productive tillers were maximum (3.61 per plant) with combined 150 kg ha-1 NPSB and urea.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combining application of 150 kg ha-1 NPSB with urea kg ha-1e1
- Outcome
- productive tillerse1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 3.61 plante1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Periodic Biological, Yield, Nutrient Up Take and Use Efficiency of Bread Wheat as Influenced by NPSB and Urea Fertilize Rates in Gechi District, Southwestern Ethiopia”
e1“The maximum number of total tillers (7.50 par plant), productive tillers (3.61 plant), biomass yield (10737.3 kg ha-1), straw yield (4351.1 kg ha-1), were obtained at combining application of 150 kg ha-1 NPSB with urea kg ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass yield was maximum (10737.3 kg ha-1) with combined 150 kg ha-1 NPSB and urea.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combining application of 150 kg ha-1 NPSB with urea kg ha-1e1
- Outcome
- biomass yielde1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 10737.3 kg ha-1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Periodic Biological, Yield, Nutrient Up Take and Use Efficiency of Bread Wheat as Influenced by NPSB and Urea Fertilize Rates in Gechi District, Southwestern Ethiopia”
e1“The maximum number of total tillers (7.50 par plant), productive tillers (3.61 plant), biomass yield (10737.3 kg ha-1), straw yield (4351.1 kg ha-1), were obtained at combining application of 150 kg ha-1 NPSB with urea kg ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw yield was maximum (4351.1 kg ha-1) with combined 150 kg ha-1 NPSB and urea.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combining application of 150 kg ha-1 NPSB with urea kg ha-1e1
- Outcome
- straw yielde1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 4351.1 kg ha-1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Periodic Biological, Yield, Nutrient Up Take and Use Efficiency of Bread Wheat as Influenced by NPSB and Urea Fertilize Rates in Gechi District, Southwestern Ethiopia”
e1“The maximum number of total tillers (7.50 par plant), productive tillers (3.61 plant), biomass yield (10737.3 kg ha-1), straw yield (4351.1 kg ha-1), were obtained at combining application of 150 kg ha-1 NPSB with urea kg ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency and agronomic recovery of nitrogen were higher at the lowest nitrogen rate.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- lowest Nitrogen ratee1
- Outcome
- Agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency and Agronomic recovery of nitrogene1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Periodic Biological, Yield, Nutrient Up Take and Use Efficiency of Bread Wheat as Influenced by NPSB and Urea Fertilize Rates in Gechi District, Southwestern Ethiopia”
e1“However, the higher value of Agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency and Agronomic recovery of nitrogen was obtained at lowest Nitrogen rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 150 kg ha-1 NPSB and 100 kg ha-1 urea gave an economic benefit of 100328.24 Birr ha-1.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of 150 kg ha-1 NPSB and 100 Urea kg ha-1e1
- Outcome
- economic benefite1
- Value
- 100328.24 Birr ha-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Periodic Biological, Yield, Nutrient Up Take and Use Efficiency of Bread Wheat as Influenced by NPSB and Urea Fertilize Rates in Gechi District, Southwestern Ethiopia”
e1“Theresult of economic analysis showed that combined application of 150 kg ha-1 NPSB and 100 Urea kg ha-1 of Urea gave economic benefit of 100328.24 Birr ha-1 with the marginal rate of return of 3838.76%”
Claim · model-written summary
The marginal rate of return of the combined NPSB and urea application was 3838.76%.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- marginal rate of returne1
- Value
- 3838.76%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Periodic Biological, Yield, Nutrient Up Take and Use Efficiency of Bread Wheat as Influenced by NPSB and Urea Fertilize Rates in Gechi District, Southwestern Ethiopia”
e1“Theresult of economic analysis showed that combined application of 150 kg ha-1 NPSB and 100 Urea kg ha-1 of Urea gave economic benefit of 100328.24 Birr ha-1 with the marginal rate of return of 3838.76%”
Claim · model-written summary
Use of 150 kg ha-1 NPSB and 100 kg ha-1 urea is recommended for better bread wheat production in the study area.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- the use of 150 kg ha-1 of NPSB and 100 kg ha-1 of Ureae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Thus, the use of 150 kg ha-1 of NPSB and 100 kg ha-1 of Urea can be recommended for better production of bread wheat in the study area”
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